Izimpawu Zomdlavuza We-pancreatic Zichaziwe: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Onolwazi Lochwepheshe 

-Nezinsolo Izimpawu zomdlavuza we-pancreatic Ukuqala kubaluleke kakhulu, kodwa kuyinselele ngenxa yendawo ejulile yesitho. Izinkomba ezivamile zihlanganisa i-jaundice, ukuncipha kwesisindo esingaqondakali, nobuhlungu obuqhubekayo besisu obuphuma emhlane. Lo mhlahlandlela unikeza imininingwane ngezimpawu ezithile, izici eziyingozi, nezindlela zokuxilonga ezisekelwe ekuvumelaneni kwamanje kwezokwelapha ukusiza iziguli nemindeni ukuhlonza izimpawu zesixwayiso ngokushesha.

Ukuqonda Izimpawu Zokuqala Zomdlavuza We-Pancreatic

Umdlavuza we-pancreatic ngokuvamile uhlala uthule ezigabeni zawo zokuqala. Amanyikwe ahlala ekujuleni kwesisu, ngemuva kwesisu naseduze nomgogodla. Ngenxa yalokho, izimila zingakhula ngaphandle kokucindezela izinzwa noma ezinye izitho ezingabangela ubuhlungu. Ngesikhathi Izimpawu zomdlavuza we-pancreatic kuba sobala, lesi sifo sesithuthuke kaningi.

Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bagcizelela ukuthi ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kuthuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela yokwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu zokuqala azicacile, ngokuvamile zithathwa njengephutha nezimo ezingathí sina njenge-gastritis noma ingcindezi. Ukuqonda umehluko ocashile phakathi kwezifo ezivamile kanye nobungozi obungase bube khona kubalulekile ukuze kungenelele ngesikhathi.

Indlela yebhayoloji ibandakanya ukukhula kwesimila okuvimbela imigudu yenyongo noma ukuhlasela kwamaqoqo ezinzwa aseduze. Lokhu kuphazamiseka ngokomzimba kuholela ku-triad yakudala yezimpawu: i-jaundice, ubuhlungu, nokuncipha kwesisindo. Ukuqaphela la maphethini kudinga izinga eliphezulu lokuqwashisa ngomtholampilo kanye nokuqapha kwesiguli.

Kungani Izimpawu Zivela Sekwephuzile

Isimo se-anatomical se-pancreas yisona sizathu esiyinhloko sokubambezeleka kokuxilongwa. Ngokungafani nomdlavuza wesikhumba noma izigaxa zamabele, izimila zama-pancreas azibonakali ngaphandle. Kufanele zifinyelele usayizi obalulekile ngaphambi kokubangela ukuphazamiseka komshini.

• Ukushoda kwama-Pain Receptors: Izicubu ze-pancreatic ngokwazo zinama-receptors ezinhlungu ezimbalwa. Ubuhlungu ngokuvamile buvela kuphela lapho isimila sihlasela izicubu ezizungezile noma imizwa.
• Izinkinga Zokugaya Ezingacacile: Ukungakhululeki kokugaya kusenesikhathi kuvame ukubangelwa ukudla, ukuguga, noma izifo ezincane.
• Ukuthuthuka Okusheshayo: Lapho izimpawu zibonakala, lesi sifo singathuthuka ngokushesha, sinciphise iwindi lokuhlinzwa okwelaphayo.

Izimiso zamanje zezokwelapha ezivamile ziphakamisa ukuthi abantu abanomlando womndeni noma izimpawu zofuzo ezithile kufanele bahlolwe njalo, ngisho noma zingekho izimpawu. Le ndlela yokusebenza ihlose ukubamba okungajwayelekile ngaphambi kokuthi kuguqukele obala Izimpawu zomdlavuza we-pancreatic.

Izimpawu Ezivamile Zomzimba

Ngenkathi isiguli ngasinye sibonisa ngokuhlukile, ukubonakaliswa okuthile ngokomzimba kuhlotshaniswa njalo ne-pancreatic malignancies. Lezi zimpawu zibangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwesimila ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile komzimba, ikakhulukazi ukugaya kanye nokulawulwa kwamahomoni.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuba nenye yalezi zimpawu akuqinisekisi ukutholakala komdlavuza. Izimo eziningi ezinhle zihlanganyela izethulo ezifanayo. Kodwa-ke, ukuphikelela, inhlanganisela, nokuqhubeka kwalezi zimpawu kudinga ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

I-Jaundice kanye nezinguquko zesikhumba

Ijaundice imvamisa iyisibonakaliso sokuqala esibonakalayo somdlavuza we-pancreatic, ikakhulukazi lapho isimila sisekhanda le-pancreas. Njengoba isimila sikhula, sicindezela i-bile duct evamile, sivimbele i-bile ukuthi ingagelezi emathunjini.

Lokhu kuvinjelwa kubangela i-bilirubin, i-pigment ephuzi ekhiqizwa isibindi, yakheka egazini. I-bilirubin eyeqile ifaka esikhumbeni nasemehlweni, okuholela ekubeni kube nokuphuzi okuhlukile. Ngokungafani ne-jaundice ebangelwa i-hepatitis, i-jaundice ehlobene ne-pancreatic ngokuvamile ayinabuhlungu ezigabeni zokuqala.

• Ukuphuzi Kwamehlo Nesikhumba: I-sclera (amehlo amhlophe) ngokuvamile aphenduka abephuzi ngaphambi kokuba isikhumba senze.
• Umchamo omnyama: Amazinga aphezulu e-bilirubin ekhishwa ngezinso enza umchamo ube nombala wetiye noma we-cola.
• Indle ephaphathekile noma egreasy: Ukuntuleka kwe-bile emgudwini wokugaya ukudla kuvimbela umbala ojwayelekile wendle kanye nokugaya kwamafutha, okuholela ezindleleni ezinombala wobumba ezintantayo.
• Isikhumba Esihle: Usawoti we-bile onqwabelana esikhumbeni ungabangela ukulunywa okukhulu, okujwayelekile ngaphandle kokuqubuka okubonakalayo.

Ochwepheshe bemboni baqaphela ukuthi i-jaundice engenabuhlungu kumuntu omdala ifulegi elibomvu elidinga izifundo zokuthwebula izithombe eziphuthumayo. Le phrezentheshini ethile isiza ukuhlukanisa izinkinga ze-pancreatic kuma-gallstones, ngokuvamile abangela ubuhlungu obukhulu kanye ne-jaundice.

Ukwehla Kwesisindo Okungachazeki kanye Nezinguquko Zokudla

Kungazelelwe, ukuncipha kwesisindo okungahlosiwe kuwuphawu lwezinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza, kuhlanganise nesifo se-pancreatic. Iziguli zingase zilahlekelwe isisindo esibalulekile ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngaphandle kokushintsha indlela ezidla ngayo noma yokuzivocavoca. Lesi simo siqhutshwa izici eziningi.

I-tumor idla amandla amaningi ukuze ikhule, iguqule imetabolism yomzimba. Ukwengeza, amanyikwe akhiqiza ama-enzyme abalulekile ekugayeni ukudla. Lapho ukukhula kwesimila kuphazamisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-enzyme, umzimba awukwazi ukumunca imisoco ngendlela efanele, okuholela ekungondleki kahle nasekumosheni.

Ukulahlekelwa ukudla, noma i-anorexia, ngokuvamile ihambisana nokuncipha kwesisindo. Iziguli zingase zizizwe zisuthi ngemva kokudla ukudla okuncane kuphela. Lokhu kusutha kusenesikhathi kwenzeka uma isimila sicindezela esiswini noma duodenum. Isicanucanu nokuhlanza kungase kuqale uma isimila sivimba ingxenye yokuphuma kwesisu.

Umehluko obalulekile: Nakuba ukucindezeleka noma ukugula okuncane kungabangela ukushintshashintsha kwesisindo kwesikhashana, ukuncipha kwesisindo okuhlobene nomdlavuza kuqhubeka futhi akupheli. Kuyaqhubeka ngisho nalapho umuntu ezama ukudla ama-calories engeziwe.

Ubuhlungu Besisu Nasemuva

Ubuhlungu buwuphawu oluvamile, okwenzeka ezigulini eziningi esikhathini esithile sesifo. Uhlobo lobuhlungu lunikeza izinkomba mayelana nendawo yesimila kanye nobukhulu. Ekuqaleni, ukungakhululeki kungase kube buthuntu futhi kunqamule, kube njalo futhi kubi njengoba isifo siqhubeka.

Ubuhlungu ngokuvamile buvela endaweni engenhla yesisu (epigastrium). Isici esichazayo sobuhlungu bomdlavuza we-pancreatic imisebe yawo eya maphakathi nomhlane. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba amanyikwe alele ngqo emgogodleni kanye nama-plexuses emizwa emikhulu. Njengoba isimila sikhula, singena kule mizwa.

• Usizo Lwesimo: Iziguli zivame ukubika ukuthi ukuncika phambili noma ukugoqa kunciphisa ubuhlungu, kuyilapho ukulala phansi ngemuva kuyakwandisa.
• I-Aggravation yasebusuku: Ubuhlungu buvame ukuba bubi kakhulu ebusuku, buphazamise amaphethini okulala.
• Imvelo Engapheli: Ngokungafani nokucindezeleka kwemisipha, lobu buhlungu abuxazululi ngokuphumula noma ama-painkillers ajwayelekile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ochwepheshe baphawula ukuthi ubuhlungu beqolo bubodwa akuvamile ukuba bube yinkomba yodwa. Kuyinhlanganisela yobuhlungu beqolo nezinkinga zokugaya ukudla noma ukuncipha okuphakamisa izinsolo. I-Misdiagnosis njengobuhlungu be-musculoskeletal back pain iyisici esivamile sokubambezeleka ekuqaliseni ukwelashwa.

Izinkomba Zokugaya kanye Ne-Metabolic

Ngaphandle kwe-triad yakudala ye-jaundice, ukuncipha kwesisindo, nobuhlungu, ukungasebenzi kahle kwama-pancreas kubonakala ngokuphazamiseka okuhlukahlukene kokugaya nokugaya ukudla. Lezi zimpawu zibonisa indima embaxambili yesitho ekugayweni kokudla (umsebenzi we-exocrine) kanye nokulawula ushukela wegazi (umsebenzi we-endocrine).

Ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu ezicashile kunganikeza amathuba angaphambili okuxilongwa. Kodwa-ke, isimo sazo esingaqondile sisho ukuthi ngokuvamile azinakwa kuze kube yilapho kuvela ezinye izimpawu ezinzima kakhulu. Ukuqonda okuphelele kwalezi zinkomba kubalulekile ekuhloleni okuphelele kwesiguli.

Isifo Sikashukela Esisha

Ukuxilongwa kungazelelwe kwesifo sikashukela kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50, ikakhulukazi labo abangenazo izici eziyingozi ezijwayelekile njengokukhuluphala ngokweqile noma umlando womndeni, kungaba uphawu oluyisixwayiso kusenesikhathi. Amanyikwe akhiqiza i-insulin; Izimila zingaphazamisa lokhu kukhiqizwa noma zidale ukumelana ne-insulin.

Ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi isifo sikashukela esisanda kuqala singandulela ukutholwa komdlavuza we-pancreatic ngezinyanga ezimbalwa kuya onyakeni. Kwezinye izimo, umdlavuza utholwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-hyperglycemia engalindelekile. Lokhu kushintshwa kwe-metabolic kuhlukile ekuqhubekeleni phambili kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.

Ukuqonda Komtholampilo: Uma umuntu omdala osekhulile eba nesifo sikashukela esihambisana nokuncipha kwesisindo kanye nokungakhululeki kwesisu, odokotela bavame ukubeka phambili izithombe ze-pancreatic. Leli qoqo lezimpawu lihlukanisa isifo sikashukela esihlobene nesifo esijwayelekile se-metabolic syndrome.

I-Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI)

I-exocrine pancreas ikhiqiza ama-enzyme afana ne-lipase, i-amylase, ne-protease ukuze aphule amafutha, ama-carbohydrate, namaprotheni. Amathumba angavimba imigudu ye-pancreatic, avimbele la ma-enzyme ukuthi angangeni emathunjini amancane. Lesi simo saziwa ngokuthi i-Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency.

Ngaphandle kwama-enzyme anele, ukudla kudlula emgudwini wokugaya ukudla kungagayeki. Lokhu kuholela ku-steatorrhea, ebonakala ngokuba nendle eningi, enephunga elibi, enamafutha antantayo futhi okunzima ukuwakhipha. Iziguli zingase futhi zithole ukuqunjelwa, igesi, nokuminca kwesisu ngemva kokudla.

• I-Fat Malabsorption: Umzimba uyehluleka ukumunca amafutha okudla, okuholela ekuntulekeni kwamavithamini ancibilikayo amafutha (A, D, E, K).
• Ukuntuleka Kwamaprotheni: Ukungagayeki kahle kwamaprotheni kunomthelela ekuwohlokeni kwemisipha nokuba buthakathaka.
• Izikhala ze-Micronutrient: Ukungasebenzi kahle isikhathi eside kungabangela izinkinga ze-anemia kanye ne-bone density.

Ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kuhilela ukwelashwa kokubuyisela ama-enzyme. Kodwa-ke, ukuvela kwezimpawu ze-EPI kumuntu ongenawo umlando wangaphambili we-pancreatitis kuqinisekisa ukuthi kuphenywe ngezimbangela eziyisisekelo zesakhiwo, okuhlanganisa nama-neoplasms.

Isicanucanu nokuhlanza

Ukuvinjwa kwamathumbu kuwumphumela wemishini wokukhula kwesimila. Uma isimila ekhanda le-pancreas sikhula ngokwanele, singacindezela i-duodenum (ingxenye yokuqala yamathumbu amancane). Lokhu kuvinjelwa kuvimbela ukudla ekuphumeni esiswini.

Iziguli zingase zibe nesicanucanu esiqhubekayo nokuhlanza, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokudla ukudla okuqinile. Ukuhlanza kungase kube nokudla okungagayekile ekudleni kwangaphambilini. Lesi sibonakaliso sibonisa izinga elibalulekile lokuvinjelwa futhi ngokuvamile lidinga ukuphathwa ngokushesha kwezokwelapha ukuvimbela ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi kanye nokungalingani kwe-electrolyte.

Nakuba isicanucanu sivamile ezinkingeni eziningi zesisu, ukuphikelela kwaso okuhambisana nokuncipha kwesisindo nobuhlungu kudala isithombe esithile somtholampilo. Amasu okunakekelwa kwe-palliative ngokuvamile agxile ekudambiseni lesi sivimbelo ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lempilo.

Izinto Zobungozi kanye namaphethini ezibalo zabantu

Ukukhonjwa Izimpawu zomdlavuza we-pancreatic isebenza kahle kakhulu uma ihambisana nezimo ezithinta umuntu ngamunye engozini. Izibalo ezithile zabantu kanye nezici zokuphila kwandisa kakhulu amathuba okuba nesifo. Ukuqaphela lezi zici kusiza ekuhlukaniseni ubungozi kanye nokunquma isidingo sokuhlolwa.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukuba nezinto eziyingozi akuqinisekisi umdlavuza, futhi ukuntula akuqinisekisi ukuzivikela komzimba. Nokho, ukuhlobana kwezibalo phakathi kwalezi zici kanye nezigameko zezifo kubhalwe kahle ezincwadini zezokwelapha.

Amathrendi weminyaka kanye nobulili

Umdlavuza we-pancreatic ikakhulukazi yisifo sabantu abadala. Ubungozi bukhula kakhulu ngemuva kweminyaka engama-45, kanti iningi lokuxilongwa kwenzeka kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-65 nengama-80 ubudala. Ukuguqulwa kwamaselula kunqwabelana phakathi namashumi eminyaka, ekugcineni kuholele ekuguqukeni okubi.

Ngokwezibalo, amadoda maningi amathuba okuthi abe nomdlavuza we-pancreatic kunabesifazane. Lo mehluko uvame ukubangelwa amazinga aphezulu ngokomlando okubhema kanye nokuchayeka emsebenzini kumakhemikhali phakathi kwamadoda, nakuba igebe liyancipha njengoba amaphethini endlela yokuphila ehlangana.

Inothi lezibalo zabantu: Idatha yakamuva ibonisa ukwenyuka okuncane kwezigameko phakathi kwabantu abasha, okwenza abacwaningi baphenye izinguquko zofuzo nezemvelo. Noma kunjalo, ubudala buhlala buyinto eyodwa ebaluleke kakhulu engaguquleki.

Indlela Yokuphila Nendawo Ezungezile

Izindlela zokuphila eziguquguqukayo zidlala indima enkulu empilweni ye-pancreatic. Ukubhema kuyisici esiyingozi esingaguquki futhi esiphawulekayo, esiphinda kabili ingozi uma kuqhathaniswa nabangabhemi. Amagciwane entuthu kagwayi angena egazini futhi agxile kumanyikwe, alimaza i-DNA.

Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile nokungasebenzi komzimba nakho kuhlotshaniswa nezingozi eziphakeme. Amafutha amaningi omzimba akhuthaza ukuvuvukala okungapheli futhi aguqule amazinga e-hormone, okwenza indawo evumela ukukhula komdlavuza. Ukudla okunenqwaba yenyama egayiwe, inyama ebomvu, neziphuzo ezinoshukela kuye kwahlotshaniswa nokwanda kwezigameko.

• Ukubhema: Ibophezeleka cishe ku-20-25% wamacala.
• Ukuphuza utshwala: Ukuphuza ngokweqile kungaholela ku-pancreatitis engapheli, isandulela somdlavuza.
• Ukuchayeka emsebenzini: Ukuthintana namakhemikhali athile asetshenziswa ekuhlanzeni okomile nasekusebenzeni ngensimbi kungase kunyuse ingozi.

Imizamo yezempilo yomphakathi igxile kakhulu ekuyekeni ukubhema kanye nokulawulwa kwesisindo njengamasu ayinhloko okuvimbela. Ukunciphisa lezi zingozi ezingaguquguquka kungehlisa umthwalo ophelele wesifo kubantu.

Izixhumanisi Zofuzo Nezomndeni

Cishe i-10% yezigameko zomdlavuza we-pancreatic ziyifa. Abantu abanesihlobo sezinga lokuqala (umzali, ingane yakini, ingane) ababenalesi sifo basengozini enkulu. Ama-syndromes ofuzo athile, afana nokuguqulwa kwe-BRCA1 ne-BRCA2, i-Lynch syndrome, kanye ne-Familial Atypical Multiple Mole Melanoma (FAMMM), ahlotshaniswa kakhulu.

Emindenini enomlando oqinile womdlavuza we-pancreatic noma ama-syndromes ofuzo ahlobene, izinhlelo ezikhethekile zokuhlola ziyatholakala. Lezi zinhlelo zisebenzisa i-imaging ethuthukisiwe kanye namasu we-endoscopic ukuqapha abantu abasengozini enkulu.

Ukwelulekwa ngofuzo: Ochwepheshe batusa ukwelulekwa ngokofuzo kubantu abanezihlobo eziningi ezithintekile. Ukuhlonza ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kungaqondisa ukuqina kokugada futhi kwazise amalungu omndeni ngezingozi zawo ezingaba khona.

Izindlela Zokuxilonga kanye Nokuhlola Kwezokwelapha

Nini Izimpawu zomdlavuza we-pancreatic zikhona, indlela yokuxilonga ehlelekile ibalulekile. Akukho ukuhlolwa okukodwa okuqinisekisa lesi sifo ngaso leso sikhathi; kunalokho, inhlanganisela yezithombe, ukuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri, nokuhlaziywa kwezicubu kwakha isithombe sokuxilonga. Isivinini nokunemba kulesi sigaba kubaluleke kakhulu.

Umgomo wokuxilonga uhlukene kabili: uqinisekisa ubukhona bomdlavuza kanye nokubeka isifo ukuze kutholakale ukutholakala kabusha. Isiteji sihlola usayizi wesimila, ukubandakanyeka kwe-lymph node, kanye ne-metastasis ekude, ebeka uhlelo lokwelapha.

I-Imaging Technologies

Ukuthwebula izithombe kuyisisekelo sokuxilongwa komdlavuza we-pancreatic. Ubuchwepheshe besimanje buvumela ukubonwa okuningiliziwe kwamanyikwe nezakhiwo eziwazungezile. Indlela ngayinye inikeza izinzuzo ezihlukile kuye ngombuzo womtholampilo.

Iskena se-computhiwe se-tomography (CT) Scan: I-multiphase CT scan enokugqama iyindinganiso yegolide yokuhlola kokuqala. Inikeza izithombe zokucaca okuphezulu kwamanyikwe, isibindi, nemithambo yegazi. Kuyasiza ukunquma ukuthi isimila singene yini emithanjeni emikhulu noma emithanjeni, okubalulekile ekuhleleni ukuhlinzwa.

I-Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI): I-MRI iwusizo ikakhulukazi ekuhloleni i-bile ne-pancreatic ducts. I-MRCP (Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography) iwukulandelana okukhethekile kwe-MRI okubona ngeso lengqondo uhlelo lwamapayipi ngaphandle kwezinqubo ezihlaselayo. Kuhle kakhulu ukuthola izimila ezincane noma ukucacisa okutholwe yi-CT okungacacile.

I-endoscopic ultrasound (eus): Le nqubo ihlanganisa i-endoscopy ne-ultrasound. Ishubhu elincanyana eline-ultrasound probe lidluliselwa emphinjeni liye esiswini, libeke inzwa eduze kakhulu namanyikwe. I-EUS inikeza ukulungiswa okuphezulu kwezilonda ezincane futhi ivumela i-biopsy kanyekanye.

Izivivinyo Zaselabhorethri kanye nama-Biomarker

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kusekela ukutholwa kwezithombe kodwa akuvamile ukuhlonza umdlavuza we-pancreatic ngokwawo. Banikeza umongo ophathelene nokusebenza kwesibindi, ukuvuvukala, nezimpawu ezithile zesimila.

CA 19-9: Lona umaka wesimila osetshenziswa kakhulu umdlavuza we-pancreatic. Amazinga aphakeme ngokuvamile ahambisana nesifo. Nokho, i-CA 19-9 ayiphelele; ingakhushulwa ezimeni ezingezinhle njenge-pancreatitis noma i-bile ducts evalekile, futhi abanye abantu abayikhiqizi nhlobo le antigen.

Ukuhlolwa kwesibindi (i-LFTS): Ama-LFT angavamile, ikakhulukazi i-bilirubin ephakeme ne-alkaline phosphatase, abonisa ukuvinjelwa kwemigudu yenyongo. Le phethini isekela izinsolo zomtholampilo zesimila ekhanda le-pancreatic.

• Isibalo Segazi Esiphelele (CBC): Ingase iveze i-anemia noma izimpawu zokutheleleka.
• Amazinga weGlucose: Ukuqapha ushukela wegazi kusiza ukukhomba isifo sikashukela esisanda kuqala esixhunywe nesimila.
• Iphrofayela ye-Coagulation: Umdlavuza we-pancreatic ungandisa ingozi yamahlule egazi, okuthinta izikhathi zokujiya.

Odokotela bahumusha lawa malebhu ngokuhambisana nemiphumela yokuthwebula izithombe. Ithrendi ekhuphukayo ye-CA 19-9 ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ivamise ukuba yinkomba kunevelu eyodwa ephakeme.

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-biopsy kanye nezicubu

Ukuxilongwa okuqinisekile kudinga ukuhlolwa kwezicubu ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. I-biopsy iqinisekisa uhlobo lweseli kanye nebanga lomdlavuza. Lesi sinyathelo sibalulekile ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma ngemisebe, njengoba imigomo yokwelashwa ihluka ngokwe-histology.

Ama-Biopsies ngokuvamile enziwa kusetshenziswa isiqondiso se-EUS noma ukufakwa kwenaliti ye-percutaneous eqondiswa yi-CT. Isampula ihlaziywa odokotela bezifo ukuze bahlukanise i-adenocarcinoma (uhlobo oluvame kakhulu) kumathumba e-neuroendocrine noma ama-benign cyst.

Isexwayiso: Ezimeni lapho isimila sibonakala siphindeka kabusha ngokusobala emfanekisweni, odokotela abahlinzayo bangase baqhubekele ngqo ekuhlinzweni ngaphandle kwe-biopsy yangaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze bagweme ingcuphe yethiyori yokutshala amaseli omdlavuza eduze kwethrekhi yenaliti. Lesi sinqumo senziwa icala ngalinye yithimba lezinhlaka eziningi.

Ukuqhathaniswa Kwesethulo Sezimpawu Ngendawo Ye-Tumor

Indawo yesimila ngaphakathi kwama-pancreas ithonya kakhulu lokho Izimpawu zomdlavuza we-pancreatic bavele kuqala nokuthi banzima kangakanani. Amanyikwe ahlukaniswe abe ikhanda, umzimba nomsila. Ukuqonda lo mehluko kusiza ukuqashelwa kwangaphambili.

Izimila ekhanda le-pancreas zivame ukuvela ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngenxa yokuthi ziseduze ne-bile duct. Ngokuphambene, izimila emzimbeni noma emsileni zingakhula zibe zinkulu ngaphambi kokudala izimpawu eziphawulekayo, ngokuvamile okuholela ekuxilongweni kwesigaba sakamuva.

Ukwanda kwendle ephaphathekile nomchamo omnyama

Leli thebula ligqamisa ukuthi kungani amathumba ekhanda le-pancreas etholakala kaningi ezigabeni zangaphambili uma kuqhathaniswa nalawo asemzimbeni noma emsileni. Ukuvinjwa komshini womgudu wenyongo kusebenza njengesistimu yesixwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi, kanti amathumba omzimba/umsila ancike ebuhlungu noma emiphumeleni yesistimu ukuze ibonwe.

Okuhlangenwe nakho komtholampilo kusikisela ukuthi iziguli ezibika ubuhlungu emuva ngaphandle kwe-jaundice kufanele zihlolwe kahle ngezilonda zomzimba / zomsila. Ukungabikho kwe-jaundice akufanele kukhiphe i-pancreatic pathology kulezi zimo.

Izindlela Zokwelapha Ezithuthukisiwe Nokunakekelwa Okudidiyelwe

Uma ukuxilongwa sekuqinisekisiwe, ukugxila kushintshela ekukhetheni isu lokwelapha elifaneleka kakhulu. Nakuba izindlela ezivamile ezifana nokuhlinzwa, ukwelapha ngamakhemikhali, kanye nemisebe kusalokhu kuyisisekelo, umkhakha we-oncology uya ngokuya wamukela izindlela zokwelapha ezihlanganisiwe ezihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe besimanje nokunakekelwa okuphelele ukuze kuthuthukiswe imiphumela yesiguli kanye nezinga lempilo.

Izikhungo ezinikezelwe ekunakekelweni komdlavuza okuphelele, njenge Shandong Baofa OnCotherapy Corporation Limited, bebehamba phambili ekuthuthukiseni izivumelwano ezinjalo ezididiyelwe kusukela zasungulwa ngo-2002. Njengoba inhlokodolobha ebhalisiwe yamayuan ayizigidi ezingamashumi ayisithupha, le nhlangano isebenzisa inethiwekhi yezikhungo ezikhethekile ezihlanganisa i-Taimei Baofa Tumor Hospital, iJinan West City Hospital (i-Jinan Baofa Cancer Hospital), kanye ne-Beijing Baofa Cancer Hospital. Lezi zikhungo ziyisibonelo sokushintshela ekwelapheni umuntu wonke kunokuba nje isimila.

Ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kukaProfessor Yubaofa, owasungula i-Jinan Cancer Hospital ngo-2004, lezi zikhungo zisebenzisa ithiyori “yomuthi odidiyelwe” oklanyelwe ukubhekana nezimila ekuqaleni, maphakathi nezigaba zamuva. Indlela yabo ihlanganisa izinhlobonhlobo zokwelapha, okuhlanganisa “I-Activation Radiotherapy,” “Activation Chemotherapy,” “Immunotherapy,” “Psychotherapy,” nezindlela zendabuko ezifana “Nemithi Yokwelapha YamaShayina Ebandayo.” Ngokuphawulekayo, baphayona “Ukwelashwa Kwesitoreji Sokukhishwa Okunensayo,” indlela yokwelapha eyisignesha eyasungulwa uProfesa Yubaofa eye yathola amalungelo obunikazi bokusungula e-United States, eChina nase-Australia.

Lokhu kwelashwa okusha kubikwa ukuthi kunikeze impumuzo futhi kwanwetshwa ukusinda ezigulini ezingaphezu kuka-10,000 ezifundazweni ezingaphezu kuka-30 eChina nasemazweni ayi-11 emhlabeni wonke, okuhlanganisa i-US, Russia, kanye neJapane. Ngokugxila ekunciphiseni ubuhlungu nokudala "izimangaliso zokuphila" ezigulini okungenzeka ukuthi sezikhathele ezinye izinketho, izinhlangano ezinjalo ziqokomisa ukubaluleka kokuhlola izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokwelapha. Ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokwandisa ukufinyelela kulezi zindlela zokwelapha ezithuthukisiwe, iSibhedlela Somdlavuza sase-Beijing Baofa sasungulwa ngo-2012, sisebenzisa ingqalasizinda yenhloko-dolobha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunakekelwa okufika ngesikhathi nokufanelekile kwabantu abaningi.

Ukuvela kwezindlela zokwelapha ezifana nalezo ezinikezwa yi-Baofa kugcizelela umlayezo obalulekile ezigulini: ukuhlonzwa komdlavuza we-pancreatic akuwona ukuphela komgwaqo. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kuzo zombili izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile nezihlanganisiwe, kunezinketho eziningi ezitholakalayo kunanini ngaphambili zokulawula izimpawu, ukulwa nesifo, nokugcina isithunzi kulo lonke uhambo.

Imibuzo ebuzwa njalo (i-FAQ)

Ukubhekana nokukhathazeka okuvamile kusiza ukuqeda lesi sifo futhi kukhuthaze ukuziphatha kwezempilo okusebenzayo. Ngezansi kunezimpendulo zemibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana Izimpawu zomdlavuza we-pancreatic kanye nokuxilongwa.

Ingabe umdlavuza we-pancreatic ungatholwa ezigabeni zokuqala?

Ukusheshe kutholakale kunzima ngoba amanyikwe ajula ngaphakathi emzimbeni futhi izimpawu zokuqala azicacile. Okwamanje, akukho ukuhlola okujwayelekile komphakathi jikelele. Nokho, kubantu abasengozini enkulu (labo abanomlando womndeni oqinile noma ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo), izinhlelo ezikhethekile zokugada ezisebenzisa i-EUS ne-MRI zingathola isifo esisheshe sifike.

Ingabe ubuhlungu beqolo buhlala buwuphawu lomdlavuza we-pancreatic?

Cha, ubuhlungu beqolo buvame kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile bubangelwa izinkinga ze-musculoskeletal, isifo samathambo, noma ubunzima. Ubuhlungu beqolo obuhlobene nomdlavuza we-pancreatic buqondile: ngokuvamile buthuntu, buphikelela, bubi kakhulu ebusuku, futhi bukhululeka ngokuncika phambili. Akuvamile ukuba kube wuphawu lodwa; ngokuvamile kuhambisana nokuncipha kwesisindo noma izinguquko zokugaya ukudla.

Ukhula ngokushesha kangakanani umdlavuza we-pancreatic?

Umdlavuza we-pancreatic waziwa ngezinga lawo lokukhula elinolaka. Ngenkathi ijubane eliqondile lihluka ngohlobo lomuntu ngamunye kanye nohlobo lwesimila, lingathuthuka lisuka endaweni yasendaweni liye kwisifo se-metastatic ngokushesha uma kuqhathaniswa namanye umdlavuza. Lokhu kuqhubekela phambili okusheshayo kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuphenya izimpawu eziphikelelayo ngokushesha.

Lingakanani izinga lokusinda uma izimpawu zitholwa kusenesikhathi?

Amazinga okusinda aphezulu kakhulu lapho umdlavuza uvalelwe kumanyikwe futhi ungasuswa ngokuhlinzwa. Nakuba izibalo zihluka, ukukhishwa kabusha kwesigaba sangaphambi kwesikhathi kunikeza ithuba elingcono kakhulu lokusinda isikhathi eside. Uma umdlavuza ususabalele ezithweni ezikude, ukwelashwa kugxila ekwandiseni ukuphila nokulawula izimpawu kunokuba ukwelapha.

Ingabe ukuba nesifo sikashukela kusho ukuthi nginomdlavuza we-pancreatic?

Lutho neze. Isifo sikashukela yisimo esivame kakhulu esinezimbangela eziningi. Kodwa-ke, isifo sikashukela esisanda kuzalwa kumuntu omdala omdala, ikakhulukazi uma sibhangqwe nokuncipha kwesisindo esingachazwanga, kuwuphawu olubonakalayo olungase lube khona lomdlavuza we-pancreatic. Kugunyaza ukuxoxisana nomhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuze kutholwe ukuthi uphenyo olwengeziwe luyadingeka yini.

Isiphetho kanye Nezinyathelo Ezilandelayo

-Nezinsolo Izimpawu zomdlavuza we-pancreatic kudinga ukuqaphela okujulile kwezinguquko ezicashile ekusebenzeni komzimba. Izinkomba ezibalulekile ezifana ne-jaundice engenabuhlungu, ukuncipha kwesisindo esingaqondakali, ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo bokubuyela emuva, kanye nesifo sikashukela esisha akufanele nanini nanini zinganakwa, ikakhulukazi kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 noma labo abasengozini.

Nakuba lezi zimpawu zingavela ezimweni ezimbi, ukuphikelela kwazo kudinga ukuhlolwa kochwepheshe. Ukubonisana kusenesikhathi ne-gastroenterologist noma i-oncologist kungaholela ekucabangeni okufika ngesikhathi kanye nokuxilongwa, okuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni imiphumela yokwelashwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlola izikhungo zokunakekela eziphelele ezihlinzeka ngemithi edidiyelwe kunganikeza ukwesekwa okwengeziwe kanye nezinketho zokwelapha eziklanyelwe izidingo zomuntu ngamunye.

Ubani okufanele athathe isinyathelo manje? Uma wena noma othandekayo nihlangabezana nenhlanganisela yezimpawu ezichazwe ngenhla, ikakhulukazi uma ziba zimbi phakathi namasonto, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ungalindi kuze kube yilapho ubuhlungu bungabekezeleleki.

Kulabo abanomlando womndeni onomdlavuza we-pancreatic, cabanga ukuxoxa nodokotela wakho wokunakekela oyinhloko ngokwelulekwa ngofuzo kanye nezindlela zokubhekwa. Ukuqapha okusebenzayo kuyithuluzi elinamandla kakhulu elitholakalayo lamaqembu asengozini enkulu. Hlala unolwazi, lalela umzimba wakho, futhi ukhulumele impilo yakho.