Iimpawu zoMhlaza wePancreatic zichazwe: Isikhokelo esipheleleyo esineeNkcukacha zoLwazi 

Ukuqonda I-pancreatic imiqondiso yomhlaza Ukuqala kubaluleke kakhulu, kodwa kunzima ngenxa yendawo enzulu yelungu. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-jaundice, ukulahleka kwesisindo esingaqondakaliyo, kunye neentlungu eziqhubekayo zesisu eziphuma ngasemva. Esi sikhokelo sichaza iimpawu ezithile, izinto ezinobungozi, kunye neendlela zokuxilonga ezisekelwe kwimvumelwano yonyango yangoku yokunceda izigulane kunye neentsapho zichonge izibonakaliso zesilumkiso ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuqonda Iimpawu zoMhlaza wePancreatic kwangethuba

Umhlaza wePancreatic uhlala uthule kumanqanaba awo okuqala. I-pancreas ihlala nzulu ngaphakathi kwesisu, emva kwesisu nakufuphi nomqolo. Ngenxa yoko, amathumba anokukhula ngaphandle kokucinezela imithambo-luvo okanye amanye amalungu anokudala iintlungu. Ngexesha I-pancreatic imiqondiso yomhlaza Kuyacaca, isifo siye sahamba phambili rhoqo.

Iingcali zonyango zigxininisa ukuba ukufunyanwa kwangoko kuphucula kakhulu iziphumo zonyango. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba iimpawu zokuqala azicacanga, zihlala ziphosakele kwiimeko ezingenzima kangako njenge-gastritis okanye uxinzelelo. Ukuqonda iiyantlukwano ezifihlakeleyo phakathi kwezigulo eziqhelekileyo kunye nobungozi obunokubakho kubalulekile ukuze ungenelelo ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

Inkqubo yebhayoloji ibandakanya ukukhula kwethumba elivalela imibhobho yenyongo okanye ukuhlasela kwemithambo-luvo ekufutshane. Oku kuphazamiseka komzimba kukhokelela kwi-triad yeklasi yeempawu: i-jaundice, intlungu, kunye nokulahlekelwa kwesisindo. Ukuqaphela ezi patheni kufuna iqondo eliphezulu lolwazi lweklinikhi kunye nokuqapha kwesigulane.

Kutheni Iimpawu Zivela Kade

Indawo ye-anatomical ye-pancreas sesona sizathu siphambili sokulibaziseka kokuxilongwa. Ngokungafaniyo nomhlaza wolusu okanye amaqhuma amabele, amathumba e-pancreatic awabonakali ngaphandle. Kufuneka bafikelele kubukhulu obubalulekileyo phambi kokuba babangele ukuphazamiseka koomatshini.

• Ukunqongophala kwezamkeli zeentlungu: Izicubu ze-pancreatic ngokwazo zinee-receptors ezimbalwa zentlungu. Iintlungu zihlala zenzeka kuphela xa ithumba lihlasela izicubu ezijikelezileyo okanye imithambo-luvo.
• Imiba engacacanga yokwetyisa: Ukungakhululeki kwangethuba lokwetyisa kudla ngokuthiwa kukutya, ukwaluphala, okanye usulelo oluncinci.
• Ukuqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza: Nje ukuba iimpawu zibonakale, isifo sinokuqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza, sinciphisa ifestile yotyando olunyangayo.

Iiprothokholi zangoku zonyango zicebisa ukuba abantu abanembali yosapho okanye iimpawu ezithile zofuzo kufuneka bahlolwe rhoqo, nokuba zingekho iimpawu. Le ndlela yokusebenza ijonge ekubambiseni iziphazamiso phambi kokuba ziguquke zibe ngaphaya I-pancreatic imiqondiso yomhlaza.

Ezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo ngokwasemzimbeni

Ngelixa isigulana ngasinye sibonisa ngokwahlukileyo, ukubonakaliswa okuthile ngokomzimba kuhambelana rhoqo ne-pancreatic malignancies. Ezi mpawu zibangelwa kukuphazamiseka kwethumba kwimisebenzi eqhelekileyo yomzimba, ngakumbi ukugaya kunye nokulawulwa kwehomoni.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukufumana enye yezi mpawu akuqinisekisi ukuxilongwa komhlaza. Iimeko ezininzi ezintle zibelana ngeentetho ezifanayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuzingisa, indibaniselwano, kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwezi mpawu kufuna uphononongo lwezonyango olukhawulezileyo.

I-jaundice kunye nolusu lolusu

I-Jaundice ihlala iluphawu lokuqala olubonakalayo lomhlaza we-pancreatic, ngakumbi xa ithumba likwintloko ye-pancreas. Njengoko ithumba likhula, licinezela umbhobho wenyongo oqhelekileyo, ukuthintela inyongo ukuba ingaphumi emathunjini.

Oku kuvaleka kubangela ukuba ibilirubin, ibala elimthubi eliveliswa sisibindi, yakhe egazini. Ubuninzi be-bilirubin bubeka eluswini namehlo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni lutyheli olwahlukileyo. Ngokungafaniyo ne-jaundice ebangelwa yi-hepatitis, i-jaundice enxulumene ne-pancreatic ihlala ingenabuhlungu kumanqanaba okuqala.

• Ukutyhelwa kwamehlo nolusu: I-sclera (amehlo amhlophe) isoloko ijika ibe tyheli ngaphambi kokuba ulusu lube tyheli.
• Umchamo omnyama: Amanqanaba aphezulu e-bilirubin ekhutshwe ngezintso ajika umchamo ube ngumbala weti okanye we-cola.
• ILindle eliGutshileyo okanye eliGwabileyo: Ukunqongophala kwe-bile kwi-digestive tract kuthintela umbala we-stool oqhelekileyo kunye nokugaya kwamafutha, okukhokelela kumbala wodongwe, izitulo ezidadayo.
• Ulusu lweThchy: Iityuwa zebile eziqokelelana eluswini zinokubangela ukurhawuzelelwa okugqithisileyo, okuqhelekileyo ngaphandle kwerhashalala ebonakalayo.

Iingcali zemizi-mveliso ziqaphela ukuba i-jaundice engenabuhlungu kumntu omdala yiflegi ebomvu efuna izifundo ezingxamisekileyo. Le ngcaciso ikhethekileyo inceda ukwahlula imiba ye-pancreatic kwi-gallstones, ebangela iintlungu ezibuhlungu kunye ne-jaundice.

Ukulahleka kobunzima obungachazwanga kunye noTshintsho lokutya

Ngequbuliso, ukulahleka kwesisindo ngokungeyonjongo luphawu lwecancer ezininzi, kubandakanya nesifo se-pancreatic. Izigulane zinokulahlekelwa ubunzima obubalulekileyo kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphandle kokutshintsha ukutya kwazo okanye ukuzilolonga. Lo mcimbi uqhutywa zizinto ezininzi.

I-tumor idla umthamo omkhulu wamandla okukhula, ukuguqula imetabolism yomzimba. Ukongeza, i-pancreas ivelisa ii-enzymes eziyimfuneko ekutyeni ukutya. Xa ukukhula kwethumba kuphazamisa ukuveliswa kwe-enzyme, umzimba awukwazi ukufunxa izondlo ngokufanelekileyo, okukhokelela ekungondlekiyo kunye nokuchitha.

Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla, okanye i-anorexia, ngokuqhelekileyo ihamba kunye nokunciphisa umzimba. Izigulane zinokuziva zihluthi emva kokutya ukutya okuncinane kuphela. Oku kuhlutha kwangoko kwenzeka ukuba ithumba licinezela isisu okanye i-duodenum. Isicaphucaphu kunye nokugabha kusenokubakho ukuba ithumba livalela ngokuyinxenye ukuphuma kwesisu.

Umahluko ophambili: Ngelixa uxinzelelo okanye ukugula okuncinci kunokubangela ukuguquguquka kobunzima bexeshana, ukwehla kobunzima obunxulumene nomhlaza kuqhubela phambili kwaye akupheli. Iyaqhubeka nokuba umntu uzama ukutya iikhalori ezininzi.

Intlungu yesisu kunye nomqolo

Intlungu yimpawu exhaphakileyo, eyenzeka kuninzi lwezigulane kwinqanaba elithile lesi sifo. Ubume bentlungu bubonelela ngemikhondo malunga nendawo yethumba kunye nobungakanani. Ekuqaleni, ukungonwabi kunokuba buthuntu kwaye kuphazamiseke, kube rhoqo kwaye kube nzima njengoko isifo siqhubela phambili.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, intlungu iqala kwi-epigastrium engaphezulu kwesisu. Uphawu oluchazayo lwentlungu yomhlaza wepancreatic yimitha yayo ukuya kumbindi-ngasemva. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba i-pancreas ilele ngokuthe ngqo kumnqonqo kunye ne-nerve plexuses enkulu. Njengoko ithumba lisanda, lingena kule mithambo-luvo.

• Uncedo lwendawo: Izigulane zihlala zixela ukuba ukuthembela phambili okanye ukugoba kunciphisa intlungu, ngelixa ukulala phantsi ngomqolo kuyakwandisa.
• Ukuxhatshazwa kwasebusuku: Iintlungu zihlala zisiba mandundu ebusuku, ziphazamisa iipatheni zokulala.
• Indalo eNgapheliyo: Ngokungafaniyo noxinzelelo lwemisipha, le ntlungu ayizisombululi ngokuphumla okanye i-painkillers eqhelekileyo ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Iingcali ziqaphela ukuba iintlungu zangasemva zodwa azifane zibe ngumqondiso wodwa. Kukudibaniswa kweentlungu zangasemva kunye nemiba yokugaya okanye ukunciphisa umzimba okuphakamisa ukukrokra. I-Misdiagnosis njengentlungu ye-musculoskeletal back pain yinto eqhelekileyo yokulibaziseka ekuqaliseni unyango.

Iimpawu zokugaya kunye neMetabolic

Ngaphandle kwe-classic triad ye-jaundice, ukulahleka kwesisindo, kunye neentlungu, ukungasebenzi kwe-pancreatic kubonakalisa ngokuphazamiseka okuhlukeneyo kokutya kunye nokuphazamiseka kwemetabolism. Ezi zibonakaliso zibonisa indima yelungu elibini ekutyeni (umsebenzi we-exocrine) kunye nokulawulwa kweswekile yegazi (umsebenzi we-endocrine).

Ukuqaphela ezi mpawu zifihlakeleyo kunokubonelela ngamathuba angaphambili okuxilongwa. Nangona kunjalo, ubume bazo obungangqalanga buthetha ukuba bahlala bengahoywa de kuvele ezinye iimpawu eziqatha. Ukuqonda okubanzi kwezi zalathi kubalulekile kuvavanyo olupheleleyo lwezigulane.

Isifo seswekile esitsha

Ukufunyaniswa ngequbuliso kwesifo seswekile kubantu abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50, ngakumbi abo bangenamingcipheko efana nokutyeba kakhulu okanye imbali yosapho, inokuba luphawu olulumkisayo kwangoko. I-pancreas ivelisa i-insulin; amathumba anokuphazamisa le mveliso okanye abangele ukuxhathisa kwe-insulin.

Uphando lubonisa ukuba isifo seswekile esitsha sinokukhokelela ekuxilongweni komhlaza we-pancreatic ngeenyanga eziliqela ukuya kunyaka. Kwezinye iimeko, umhlaza ufunyaniswa ngexesha lomsebenzi we-hyperglycemia engalindelekanga. Olu tshintsho lwemetabolism lwahlukile kuhlobo lwe-2 yesifo seswekile.

Ukuqonda ngoNyango: Ukuba umntu omdala omdala uhlakulela isifo seswekile ehamba kunye nokunciphisa umzimba kunye nokungahambi kakuhle kwesisu, oogqirha bahlala bebeka phambili i-imaging ye-pancreatic. Eli qela leempawu liyahlula isifo seswekile esinxulumene nobubi kwi-standard metabolic syndrome.

I-Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI)

I-exocrine pancreas ikhupha ii-enzymes ezifana ne-lipase, i-amylase, kunye ne-protease ukuphula amafutha, i-carbohydrates kunye neeprotheni. Amathumba anokuthintela i-pancreatic ducts, ukukhusela ezi enzymes ukuba zifike emathunjini amancinci. Le meko yaziwa ngokuba yi-Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency.

Ngaphandle kwee-enzymes ezaneleyo, ukutya kudlula kwi-digestive tract kungagaywanga. Oku kukhokelela kwi-steatorrhea, ebonakala ngokuba zininzi, ukunuka kakubi, ilindle elinamafutha adadayo kwaye kunzima ukuwagungxula. Izigulana zisenokufumana ukuqunjelwa, igesi, kunye nokuqaqanjelwa sisisu emva kokutya.

• Amafutha eMalabsorption: Umzimba uyasilela ukufunxa amafutha okutya, okukhokelela ekunqongopheni kwiivithamini ezinyibilikayo kwi-fat-soluble (A, D, E, K).
• Ukunqongophala kweProtheyini: Iprotheyini engafanelekanga yokugaya igalelo ekulahlekeni kwemisipha kunye nobuthathaka.
• Izikhewu zeMicronutrient: Ukungoneli ixesha elide kunokubangela i-anemia kunye nemiba yokuxinana kwamathambo.

Unyango lubandakanya unyango lokubuyisela i-enzyme. Nangona kunjalo, ukuvela kweempawu ze-EPI kumntu ongenayo imbali yangaphambili ye-pancreatitis kuqinisekisa ukuba uphando ngezizathu ezisisiseko zesakhiwo, kuquka neoplasms.

Isicaphucaphu kwaye sigale

Ukuthintelwa kwesisu sisiphumo soomatshini sokukhula kwethumba. Ukuba i-tumor entloko ye-pancreas ikhulisa ngokwaneleyo, inokucinezela i-duodenum (inxalenye yokuqala yamathumbu amancinci). Oku kuvaleleka kuthintela ukutya ekuphumeni kwesisu.

Izigulana zinokuba ne-nausea eqhubekayo kunye nokuhlanza, ngakumbi emva kokutya ukutya okuqinileyo. Umgabho usenokuqulatha ukutya okungagatywanga kwizidlo zangaphambili. Esi sibonakaliso sibonisa inqanaba elibalulekileyo lokuthintela kwaye lihlala lifuna ukulawulwa kwezonyango ngokukhawuleza ukukhusela ukungabikho kwamanzi kunye nokungalingani kwe-electrolyte.

Nangona i-nausea ixhaphake kwiingxaki ezininzi zesisu, ukuzingisa kwayo kunye nokunciphisa umzimba kunye neentlungu kudala umfanekiso othile wekliniki. Izicwangciso zokhathalelo lwentlungu zihlala zijolise ekupheliseni lo mqobo ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi.

Imiba yoMngcipheko kunye neepateni zeDemographic

Ukuchonga I-pancreatic imiqondiso yomhlaza isebenza ngakumbi xa ihambelana neeprofayili zomngcipheko ngamnye. Ubuninzi babantu kunye neendlela zokuphila zonyusa kakhulu amathuba okuba sesi sifo. Ukuqonda ezi zinto kunceda ekulinganiseni umngcipheko kunye nokumisela imfuneko yovavanyo.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ukuba nemingcipheko akuqinisekisi umhlaza, kwaye ukungabikho kwawo akuqinisekisi ukhuseleko. Nangona kunjalo, unxulumano lwamanani phakathi kwezi zinto kunye neziganeko zesifo zibhalwe kakuhle kwiincwadi zonyango.

Ubudala kunye neeNdlela zesini

Umhlaza wePancreatic ubukhulu becala sisifo sabantu abadala. Umngcipheko wonyuka kakhulu emva kweminyaka engama-45 ubudala, uninzi loxilongo lwenzeka kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-65 nama-80 ubudala. Iinguqu zeselfowuni ziqokelelana kumashumi eminyaka, ekugqibeleni zikhokelela kutshintsho olubi.

Ngokwezibalo, amadoda kunokwenzeka kancinci ukuba abe nomhlaza wepancreatic kunabasetyhini. Lo mahluko udla ngokubalelwa kumazinga aphezulu embali okutshaya kunye nokuchanabeka emsebenzini kwiikhemikhali phakathi kwamadoda, nangona umsantsa ucutheka njengoko iindlela zokuphila zidibana.

Inqaku leDemographic: Idatha yakutsha nje ibonisa ukunyuka okuncinci kwezehlo phakathi kwabantu abancinci, ikhuthaza abaphandi ukuba baphande ngotshintsho lwemfuza kunye nokusingqongileyo. Nangona kunjalo, iminyaka ihlala iyeyona nto ibalulekileyo engaguqukiyo yomngcipheko.

Indlela yokuphila kunye nabaXhasi beNdawo

Ukhetho oluguquguqukayo lwendlela yokuphila ludlala indima enkulu kwimpilo yepancreatic. Ukutshaya ngoyena mngcipheko ungaguqukiyo nobalulekileyo, uphinda kabini umngcipheko xa kuthelekiswa nabantu abangatshayiyo. I-Carcinogens kumsi wecuba ingena egazini kwaye igxininise kwi-pancreas, eyonakalisa iDNA.

Ukutyeba ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nokungasebenzi komzimba kukwanxulunyaniswa nemingcipheko ephezulu. Ukugqithiswa kwamafutha omzimba kukhuthaza ukuvutha okungapheliyo kunye nokuguqula amanqanaba e-hormone, ukudala indawo ekhuthaza ukukhula komhlaza. Ukutya okuphezulu kwinyama ecutshungulwayo, inyama ebomvu, kunye neziselo ezinoshukela ziye zayanyaniswa nokwanda kweziganeko.

• Ukutshaya: Inoxanduva malunga ne-20-25% yamatyala.
• Ukusetyenziswa kotywala: Ukusela kakhulu kunokukhokelela kwipancreatitis engapheliyo, isandulela somhlaza.
• Ukutyhileka emsebenzini: Ukudibana neekhemikhali ezithile ezisetyenziselwa ukucoca okomileyo kunye nokusebenza kwesinyithi kunokunyusa umngcipheko.

Amanyathelo ezempilo oluntu agxile kakhulu ekuyekeni ukutshaya kunye nolawulo lobunzima njengezicwangciso eziphambili zokuthintela. Ukunciphisa le mingcipheko inokuguqulwa kunokwehlisa umthwalo opheleleyo wesi sifo kubemi.

IGenetic kunye neFamily Links

Malunga ne-10% yeemeko zomhlaza we-pancreatic zifuzo. Abantu abanesihlobo sokuqala (umzali, umntakwenu, umntwana) ababenesi sifo basengozini enkulu. I-syndromes ethile yemfuza, efana ne-BRCA1 kunye ne-BRCA2 utshintsho, i-Lynch syndrome, kunye ne-Familial Atypical Multiple Mole Melanoma (FAMMM), zihambelana kakhulu.

Kwiintsapho ezinembali eyomeleleyo yomhlaza we-pancreatic okanye i-syndromes yemfuza ehambelanayo, iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo zokuhlola ziyafumaneka. Ezi nkqubo zisebenzisa i-imaging ephucukileyo kunye nobuchule be-endoscopic ukujonga abantu abasengozini kakhulu.

Ingcebiso ngemfuzo: Iingcali zicebisa iingcebiso zofuzo kubantu abanezihlobo ezininzi ezichaphazelekayo. Ukuchonga ukuguquka kwemfuza kunokukhokela ubunzulu bokucupha kunye nokwazisa amalungu osapho ngeengozi zabo ezinokubakho.

Iindlela zokuxilonga kunye noVavanyo lwezoNyango

Nini I-pancreatic imiqondiso yomhlaza zikhoyo, indlela yokuxilonga ecwangcisiweyo ibalulekile. Akukho vavanyo olunye oluqinisekisa isifo ngoko nangoko; kunokuba, indibaniselwano yokucinga, iimvavanyo zaselabhoratri, kunye nohlalutyo lwethishu lwakha umfanekiso wokuxilonga. Isantya kunye nokuchaneka kwesi sigaba kubaluleke kakhulu.

Injongo yokuxilonga ibini: ukuqinisekisa ubukho bomhlaza kunye nokubeka isifo ukumisela ukuhlanjululwa kwakhona. Isiteji sivavanya ubungakanani bethumba, ukubandakanyeka kwe-lymph node, kunye ne-metastasis ekude, echaza isicwangciso sonyango.

I-Imaging Technologies

Ukwenza umfanekiso sisiseko sokuxilongwa komhlaza we-pancreatic. Itekhnoloji yanamhlanje ivumela umboniso ocacileyo we-pancreas kunye nezakhiwo ezijikelezileyo. Indlela nganye ibonelela ngeenzuzo ezizodwa ngokuxhomekeke kumbuzo weklinikhi.

I-computer tomography (CT) Scan: I-multiphase CT scan ngokungafaniyo ngumgangatho wegolide wovavanyo lokuqala. Ibonelela ngemifanekiso ephezulu ye-pancreas, isibindi, kunye nemithambo yegazi. Inceda ukufumanisa ukuba i-tumor ihlasele i-artery enkulu okanye i-veins, ebaluleke kakhulu kucwangciso lotyando.

I-Magnetic Reance Reting (Mri): I-MRI iluncedo kakhulu ekuvavanyeni i-bile kunye ne-pancreatic ducts. I-MRCP (i-Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography) luluhlu olukhethekileyo lwe-MRI olubonisa inkqubo ye-ductal ngaphandle kweenkqubo ezihlaselayo. Kuhle kakhulu ekufumaneni amathumba amancinci okanye ukucacisa iziphumo ezingaqondakaliyo ze-CT.

I-Endoscopic ultrasound (eus): Le nkqubo idibanisa i-endoscopy kunye ne-ultrasound. Ityhubhu encinci ene-ultrasound probe idluliselwa emqaleni ukuya esiswini, ibeka inzwa kufutshane kakhulu kwi-pancreas. I-EUS inikezela ngesisombululo esiphezulu kwizilonda ezincinci kwaye ivumela i-biopsy ngaxeshanye.

Uvavanyo lweLebhu kunye neBiomarkers

Uvavanyo lwegazi luxhasa ukufunyaniswa kwemifanekiso kodwa kunqabile ukuxilonga umhlaza wepancreatic ngokwawo. Babonelela ngomxholo malunga nokusebenza kwesibindi, ukudumba, kunye neempawu ezithile zethumba.

CA 19-9: Le yeyona nto isetyenziswayo kakhulu kwi-tumor marker yomhlaza wepancreatic. Amanqanaba aphakamileyo ahlala ehambelana nesifo. Nangona kunjalo, i-CA 19-9 ayifezekanga; inokuphakanyiswa kwiimeko ezinobungozi ezifana ne-pancreatitis okanye i-bile ducts evaliweyo, kwaye abanye abantu abayivelisi le antigen kwaphela.

Uvavanyo lomsebenzi weSibindi (LFTS): I-LFTs engaqhelekanga, ngokukodwa i-bilirubin ephakamileyo kunye ne-alkaline phosphatase, ibonisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-bile duct. Lo mzekelo uxhasa ukukrokrelwa kweklinikhi yethumba kwintloko ye-pancreatic.

• Ubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo (CBC): Isenokubonisa i-anemia okanye iimpawu zosulelo.
• Amanqanaba eGlucose: Ukubeka iliso kwiswekile yegazi kunceda ukuchonga isifo seswekile esitsha esidityaniswe nethumba.
• Inkangeleko yeCoagulation: Umhlaza wePancreatic unokunyusa umngcipheko wamahlwili egazi, okuchaphazela amaxesha okujiyisa.

Oogqirha batolika ezi labhu ngokudibanisa neziphumo zomfanekiso. Ukunyuka kwe-CA 19-9 trend ekuhambeni kwexesha kudla ngokuba luphawu kunexabiso elinye eliphakamileyo.

Uhlalutyo lwe-biopsy kunye nohlalutyo

Ukuxilongwa okuqinisekileyo kufuna ukuvavanya izicubu phantsi kwe-microscope. I-biopsy iqinisekisa uhlobo lweseli kunye nebakala lomhlaza. Eli nyathelo libalulekile ngaphambi kokuba uqalise ichemotherapy okanye ngemitha, njengoko iiprothokholi zonyango zihluka ngokwe-histology.

Ii-Biopsies ziqhele ukwenziwa kusetyenziswa isikhokelo se-EUS okanye ukufakwa kwenaliti ye-percutaneous ekhokelwa yi-CT. Isampulu ihlalutywa ngabagqirha bezifo ukuze bahlukanise i-adenocarcinoma (uhlobo oluqhelekileyo) kwi-neuroendocrine tumors okanye i-benign cysts.

Isilumkiso: Kwiimeko apho ithumba libonakala linokuphinda lihlaziywe ngokucacileyo kumfanekiso, oogqirha botyando banokuqhubekeka ngokuthe ngqo kuqhaqho ngaphandle kwe-biopsy yangaphambi kotyando ukunqanda umngcipheko wethiyori wokutyala iiseli zomhlaza ecaleni kwenaliti. Esi sigqibo senziwa ngokwemeko-nye liqela leenkalo zonke.

Ukuthelekiswa kweSimptom Presentation yiNdawo yeTumor

Indawo ye-tumor ngaphakathi kwe-pancreas ichaphazela kakhulu ukuba yeyiphi I-pancreatic imiqondiso yomhlaza babonakale kuqala kwaye banzima kangakanani. I-pancreas yohlulwe yaba yintloko, umzimba kunye nomsila. Ukuqonda lo mahluko kunceda ukuqondwa kwangaphambili.

Amathumba entloko ye-pancreas adla ngokubonakala kwangethuba ngenxa yokusondela kwawo kumbhobho wenyongo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, amathumba emzimbeni okanye emsileni anokukhula abe makhulu ngaphambi kokuba abangele iimpawu ezibonakalayo, ezihlala zikhokelela ekuxilongweni kwexesha elizayo.

Izehlo eziphakamileyo zamandle amdaka kunye nomchamo omnyama

Le theyibhile igxininisa ukuba kutheni amathumba kwintloko ye-pancreas efunyaniswa rhoqo kumanqanaba angaphambili xa kuthelekiswa nalawo asemzimbeni okanye umsila. Ukuthintelwa komatshini we-bile duct isebenza njengenkqubo yokulumkisa kwangoko, ngelixa amathumba omzimba/omsila axhomekeke kwiintlungu okanye kwiziphumo zesistim ukuze zibonwe.

Amava eklinikhi abonisa ukuba izigulane ezibika intlungu emva ngaphandle kwe-jaundice kufuneka zihlolwe ngokucokisekileyo kwizilonda zomzimba / zomsila. Ukungabikho kwe-jaundice akufanele kukhuphe i-pancreatic pathology kule meko.

IiNdlela eziPhezulu zonyango kunye noNyango oluDityanisiweyo

Emva kokuba ukuxilongwa kuqinisekisiwe, ugxininiso lutshintshela ekukhetheni isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo. Ngelixa iindlela eziqhelekileyo ezinjengotyando, ichemotherapy, kunye neradiation zihlala zisisiseko, icandelo le-oncology liya lisanda kwamkela iindlela ezidibeneyo zonyango ezidibanisa itekhnoloji yale mihla kunye nokhathalelo olupheleleyo ukuphucula iziphumo zesigulana kunye nomgangatho wobomi.

Amaziko azinikele kukhathalelo olubanzi lomhlaza, njenge IZiko loNgqamaniso lwe-Shandong Baof, baye bahamba phambili ekuphuhliseni iiprothokholi ezidibeneyo ukususela ekusekweni kwazo kwi-2002. Ngenkunzi ebhalisiweyo ye-yuan yezigidi ezingamashumi amathandathu, i-corporation isebenza uthungelwano lwezibonelelo ezikhethekileyo ezibandakanya i-Taimei Baofa Tumor Hospital, iSibhedlele saseJinan West City (Isibhedlele saseJinan Baofa Cancer), kunye nesibhedlele saseBeijing Baofa Cancer. La maziko abonisa utshintsho olubhekiselele kunyango lomntu wonke kunokuba nje ithumba.

Phantsi kwesikhokelo sikaNjingalwazi uYubaofa, owaseka iSibhedlele soMhlaza waseJinan ngo-2004, la maziko asebenzisa ithiyori “yeyeza elidityanisiweyo” eyenzelwe ukujongana namathumba ekuqaleni, aphakathi, nasekupheleni. Indlela yabo ibandakanya iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango, kubandakanya "iActivation Radiotherapy," "Activation Chemotherapy," "Immunotherapy," "Psychotherapy," kunye neendlela zesiNtu ezifana ne "Cold Fried Chinese Medicine." Ngokucacileyo, babengoovulindlela “Unyango lokuGcinwa okucothayo,” unyango lokutyobela olwaqanjwa nguNjingalwazi uYubaofa oluye lwafumana amalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza eUnited States, eTshayina naseOstreliya.

Olu nyango lutsha kuxelwe ukuba lubonelele ngesiqabu kwaye lwandisiwe ukusinda kwizigulana ezingaphezu kwe-10,000 ezisuka kumaphondo angaphezu kwama-30 eTshayina nakumazwe ali-11 kwihlabathi liphela, kubandakanya i-US, iRussia, neJapan. Ngokugxila ekunciphiseni intlungu kunye nokudala "imimangaliso yobomi" kwizigulane ezinokuthi ziphelelwe ezinye iindlela, imibutho enjalo igxininisa ukubaluleka kokuhlola iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango. Ukwandisa ukufikelela kolu nyango luphezulu, iSibhedlele soMhlaza saseBeijing Baofa sasekwa ngo-2012, sisebenzisa iziseko zophuhliso lwekomkhulu ukuqinisekisa ukhathalelo olusexesheni nolufanelekileyo kuluntu olubanzi.

Ukuvela konyango olufana nolo lunikezelwa yi-Baofa lugxininisa umyalezo obalulekileyo kwizigulana: ukuxilongwa komhlaza wepancreatic ayisosiphelo sendlela. Ngokuhambela phambili okukhawulezayo kunyango oluqhelekileyo kunye noludibeneyo, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokukhetha ezikhoyo kunanini na ngaphambili ukulawula iimpawu, ukulwa nesifo, kunye nokugcina isidima kulo lonke uhambo.

Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo (i-FAQ)

Ukujongana neenkxalabo eziqhelekileyo kunceda ukuphelisa isifo kwaye kukhuthaze ukuziphatha okusebenzayo kwezempilo. Apha ngezantsi kukho iimpendulo kwimibuzo rhoqo malunga I-pancreatic imiqondiso yomhlaza kunye nokuxilongwa.

Ngaba umhlaza wepancreatic unokufunyanwa kumanqanaba okuqala?

Ukufunyaniswa kwangoko kunzima kuba i-pancreas ingaphakathi emzimbeni kwaye iimpawu zokuqala azicacanga. Okwangoku, alukho uvavanyo lwesiqhelo lovavanyo lwabantu ngokubanzi. Nangona kunjalo, kubantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu (abo banembali yosapho eyomeleleyo okanye utshintsho lwemfuza), iinkqubo zokucupha ezikhethekileyo zisebenzisa i-EUS kunye ne-MRI zinokufumanisa isifo sangethuba.

Ngaba iintlungu zangasemva zihlala zingumqondiso womhlaza we-pancreatic?

Hayi, iintlungu zangasemva zixhaphake kakhulu kwaye zihlala zibangelwa yimiba ye-musculoskeletal, isifo samathambo, okanye uxinzelelo. Iintlungu ezinxulumene nomhlaza wePancreatic zizodwa: zihlala zibuthuntu, zizingisa, zimbi kakhulu ebusuku, kwaye ziyakhululeka ngokungqiyama phambili. Kunqabile ukuba ibe luphawu kuphela; ngokuqhelekileyo ihamba nokulahlekelwa kwesisindo okanye utshintsho lokugaya.

Ukhula ngokukhawuleza kangakanani umhlaza we-pancreatic?

Umhlaza wePancreatic waziwa ngezinga lawo lokukhula ngokuqatha. Ngelixa isantya esichanekileyo sihluka ngohlobo lomntu kunye nohlobo lwethumba, lunokuqhubela phambili ukusuka kwisilonda sasekhaya ukuya kwisifo semetastatic ngokukhawuleza xa kuthelekiswa namanye ama-cancer. Oku kuqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza kugxininisa ukubaluleka kokuphanda iimpawu eziqhubekayo ngokukhawuleza.

Lithini izinga lokusinda ukuba iimpawu zifunyenwe kwangoko?

Amazinga okusinda aphezulu kakhulu xa umhlaza uvalelwe kwi-pancreas kwaye unokususwa ngotyando. Ngelixa izibalo zinokwahluka, uqhaqho lwakwangoko lunika elona thuba lihle lokusinda ixesha elide. Nje ukuba umhlaza unwenwele kumalungu akude, unyango lujolise ekwandiseni ubomi kunye nokulawula iimpawu endaweni yokunyanga.

Ngaba ukuba nesifo seswekile kuthetha ukuba ndinomhlaza wepancreatic?

Akunjalo. Isifo seswekile yimeko exhaphake kakhulu enezizathu ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, isifo seswekile esitsha kumntu omdala omdala, ngakumbi xa sidityaniswe nokulahlekelwa kwesisindo esingachazwanga, luphawu olubonakalayo olunokuthi lube nomhlaza we-pancreatic. Iqinisekisa ingxoxo kunye nomboneleli wezempilo ukugqiba ukuba uphando olongezelelweyo luyafuneka.

Isiphelo kunye naManyathelo alandelayo

Ukuqonda I-pancreatic imiqondiso yomhlaza kufuna ukuqonda okunzulu kweenguqu ezifihlakeleyo ekusebenzeni komzimba. Izibonakaliso eziphambili ezifana ne-jaundice engenabuhlungu, ukulahleka kwesisindo esingenakuchazwa, intlungu eqhubekayo, kunye nesifo sikashukela esitsha akufanele sinyanzeliswe, ngakumbi kubantu abangaphezu kwe-50 okanye abo banobungozi.

Ngelixa ezi mpawu zinokusuka kwiimeko ezingezizo, ukuzingisa kwazo kufuna uvavanyo lobuchwephesha. Ukubonisana kwangaphambili kunye ne-gastroenterologist okanye i-oncologist kunokukhokelela ekucingeni kwangethuba kunye nokuxilongwa, eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu ekuphuculeni iziphumo zonyango. Ngaphezu koko, ukuhlola amaziko okhathalelo olubanzi anika unyango oludibeneyo anokubonelela ngenkxaso eyongezelelweyo kunye neendlela zonyango ezilungiselelwe iimfuno zomntu ngamnye.

Ngubani ofanele enze ngoku? Ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo nifumana indibaniselwano yezi mpawu zichazwe ngasentla, ngakumbi ukuba ziya ziba mandundu kangangeeveki, funa unyango ngokukhawuleza. Sukulinda ukuba intlungu inganyamezeleki.

Kwabo banembali yosapho yomhlaza wepancreatic, cinga ngokuxoxa ngengcebiso yemfuza kunye neendlela zokucupha kunye nogqirha wakho wokhathalelo oluphambili. Ukubeka iliso okusebenzayo sesona sixhobo sinamandla sikhoyo kumaqela asemngciphekweni omkhulu. Hlala unolwazi, mamela umzimba wakho, kwaye ukhuthaze impilo yakho.