Ukuqonda Ukuhlolwa Komdlavuza We-Pancreatic: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele 

Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza we-pancreatic zibalulekile ekuhlonzweni kusenesikhathi kanye nokuxilongwa kwalesi sifo esiyinselele. Ukukhetha okufanele izivivinyo kuncike ezicini eziyingozi zomuntu ngamunye, izimpawu, kanye nesigaba somdlavuza ongase ube khona. Lo mhlahlandlela unikeza ukubuka kabanzi okuhlukahlukene ukuhlolwa komdlavuza we-pancreatic, izinjongo zabo, nokuthi yini ongayilindela.

Kungani? Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wePancreatic Okubalulekile?

Umdlavuza we-pancreatic ivamise ukutholakala sekwephuzile ngoba izimpawu zakuqala zingase zingacaci futhi ziphanjaniswe kalula nezinye izimo. Lokhu kuxilongwa sekwephuzile kuthinta kakhulu izinketho zokwelapha kanye ne-prognosis. Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda kuyatholakala ukuhlolwa komdlavuza we-pancreatic futhi lapho zingadingeka zibalulekile ekuphathweni kokunakekelwa kwezempilo okumatasa.

Ubani Okufanele Acabangele Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wePancreatic?

Ngenkathi kuhlolwa okujwayelekile umdlavuza we-pancreatic ngokuvamile ayinconywa kubantu abavamile, abantu abathile abanezici eziyingozi ezikhulayo kufanele baxoxe ngezinketho zokuhlola nabahlinzeki babo bezempilo. Izinto ezinobungozi zifaka:

• Umlando womndeni we umdlavuza we-pancreatic
• Amanye ama-syndromes ofuzo, afana nokuguquguquka kwe-BRCA1/2, i-Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, i-Lynch syndrome, kanye nesifo se-family atypical multiple mole melanoma (FAMMM)
• I-pancreatitis engapheli
• Isifo sikashukela (ikakhulukazi isifo sikashukela esisanda kuqala kubantu abadala)
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
• Ukubhema

Izinhlobo ze Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wePancreatic

Eziningana ezahlukene izivivinyo ingasetshenziswa ukusiza ukuxilonga umdlavuza we-pancreatic. Lezi izivivinyo zingahlukaniswa kabanzi zibe imaging izivivinyo, igazi izivivinyo, kanye nezinqubo ze-biopsy.

Ukuhlolwa Kwezithombe

Ukufanekisa izivivinyo ukunikeza izethulo ezibukwayo zamanyikwe nezitho ezizungezile, kusize odokotela babone izinto ezingavamile njengezimila.

I-Computed Tomography (CT) Scan

I-CT scan isebenzisa ama-X-ray ukuze idale izithombe ezinemininingwane yezingxenye ezihlukene zomzimba. Ngokuvamile kuba isithombe sokuqala test esetshenziswa ukuhlola okusolwayo umdlavuza we-pancreatic. Ama-CT scan angasiza ekunqumeni ubukhulu nendawo yesimila, kanye nokuthi sesisakazekele ezithweni eziseduze noma emithanjeni yegazi.

I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

I-MRI isebenzisa amandla kazibuthe aqinile namaza omsakazo ukuze ikhiqize izithombe ezinemininingwane yomzimba. I-MRI inganikeza izithombe ezinemininingwane eminingi yamanyikwe nezicubu ezizungezile kune-CT scan, ikakhulukazi lapho ihlola imithambo yegazi ezungeze amanyikwe. Izindlela eziqondile ze-MRI, njenge-MRCP (Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography), zigxile ku-bile kanye ne-pancreatic ducts.

I-Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS)

I-EUS ihlanganisa i-endoscopy ne-ultrasound ukuze inikeze izithombe zokucaca okuphezulu kwamanyikwe. Ishubhu elincanyana, eligobekayo eline-ultrasound probe lidluliswa ngomlomo noma i-rectum lingene emgudwini wokugaya ukudla. I-EUS ivumela ukubonwa okuseduze kwamanyikwe futhi ingasetshenziswa futhi ukuthola amasampula ezicubu (ama-biopsies) ukuze kuhlaziywe okwengeziwe. Njengoba ochwepheshe at I-Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute yazi, lokhu kuhlolwa kuwusizo kakhulu.

I-Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan

I-PET scan isebenzisa i-tracer ekhipha imisebe ukuze ibone izindawo okwandayo kokusebenza kwe-metabolic emzimbeni, okungabonisa umdlavuza. Ama-PET scan ngokuvamile ahlanganiswa nama-CT scans (PET/CT) ukuze anikeze kokubili ulwazi lwe-anatomical kanye nokusebenza. Izikena ze-PET/CT ziwusizo ikakhulukazi ekutholeni ukusabalala kwe umdlavuza we-pancreatic kwezinye izitho zomzimba.

Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi

Igazi izivivinyo ikwazi ukubona izinto ezithile eziphakeme kwabanye abantu abane umdlavuza we-pancreatic. Nokho, igazi izivivinyo yedwa ayikwazi ukuxilonga umdlavuza we-pancreatic futhi ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nesithombe izivivinyo.

CA 19-9

I-CA 19-9 iwuphawu lwesimila oluvame ukuphakanyiswa kubantu abanaso umdlavuza we-pancreatic. Kodwa-ke, ingakhuphuka futhi kwezinye izimo, njenge-pancreatitis kanye nokuvinjwa kwe-bile duct. Ngakho-ke, i-CA 19-9 ayikona ukuhlolwa okuthembekile test okwe umdlavuza we-pancreatic, kodwa kungaba usizo ekuqapheni impendulo yokwelashwa kanye nokuthola ukuphindelela. Ngokusho kwe-American Cancer Society, cishe amaphesenti angu-80 abantu abane umdlavuza we-pancreatic babe namazinga aphezulu e-CA 19-9.¹

I-bilirubin

I-Bilirubin iyinto ekhiqizwa isibindi. Amazinga aphezulu e-bilirubin egazini angabonisa ukuvaleka komgudu wenyongo, okungabangelwa umdlavuza we-pancreatic. Igazi le-bilirubin test kuvame ukwenziwa uma umuntu ene-jaundice (isikhumba namehlo aphuzi), uphawu oluvamile lwe-jaundice. umdlavuza we-pancreatic.

Ukuhlolwa Kokusebenza Kwesibindi (LFTs)

Ama-LFT akala amazinga ama-enzyme ahlukahlukene namaprotheni egazini akhiqizwa isibindi. Imiphumela ye-LFT engavamile ingabonisa ukulimala kwesibindi noma ukungasebenzi, okungabangelwa umdlavuza we-pancreatic esesabalale esibindini.

I-Biopsy

I-biopsy yiyona ndlela kuphela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa umdlavuza we-pancreatic. Ngesikhathi se-biopsy, isampula elincane lesicubu likhishwa ku-pancreas futhi lihlolwe ngaphansi kwe-microscope. I-Biopsies ingatholwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi:

I-Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration (EUS-FNA)

I-EUS-FNA iyinqubo ehlasela kancane lapho inaliti idluliswa odongeni lwesisu noma lwe-duodenum, iholwa yi-ultrasound, ukuze kutholwe isampula yethishu kumanyikwe.

I-Percutaneous Biopsy

I-percutaneous biopsy ihilela ukufaka inaliti esikhumbeni nakumanyikwe ukuthola isampula yethishu. Le nqubo ngokuvamile yenziwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwe-CT noma i-ultrasound.

I-Biopsy Yokuhlinzwa

I-biopsy yokuhlinzwa ihilela ukusika esiswini ukuze ubone amanyikwe ngeso lengqondo ngokuqondile futhi uthole isampula yethishu. Le nqubo ngokuvamile yenziwa lapho ezinye izindlela ze-biopsy zingenzeki noma zehlulekile ukuhlinzeka ngokuxilongwa.

Ongakulindela Ngesikhathi Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wePancreatic

Okuhlangenwe nakho kokubhekana nakho ukuhlolwa komdlavuza we-pancreatic zingahluka kuye ngokuthile test eyenziwayo. Nakhu ukubuka konke okuvamile kwalokho ongakulindela:

Ngaphambi Kwesivivinyo

Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalelo eqondile yokuthi ungayilungiselela kanjani ngayinye test. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuzila ukudla isikhathi esithile, ukugwema imithi ethile, noma ukuphuza isixazululo esikhethekile sokuqhathanisa. Kubalulekile ukulandela le miyalo ngokucophelela ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi inembile test imiphumela.

Ngesikhathi Sokuhlolwa

Iningi lezithombe izivivinyo azinabuhlungu, nakuba ezinye zingase zihilele isikhashana sokungaphatheki kahle noma ukukhathazeka. Ama-Biopsies angabangela ubuhlungu noma ukungakhululeki, kodwa udokotela wakho ngokuvamile uzohlinzeka nge-anesthesia yendawo ukuze anciphise noma yibuphi ubuhlungu. Kubalulekile ukuthi isikhungo esenza izivivinyo sihlome kahle. Ungase ucabange ukuhlola ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana I-Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute ukuze uthole izinkomba ezithile.

Ngemva Kwesivivinyo

Ngemva kwe test, ungase ube nemiphumela engemihle, njengokucanuzela kwenhliziyo, ukukhathala, noma ubuhlungu endaweni ye-biopsy. Le miphumela engemihle ivamise ukuba eyesikhashana futhi ixazululwe ngokwayo. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalelo eqondile yokuthi ungazinakekela kanjani ngemva kokuhlinzwa test nokuthi ungayilindela nini imiphumela.

Ukutolika Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wePancreatic Imiphumela

Incazelo ye ukuhlolwa komdlavuza we-pancreatic imiphumela ingaba yinkimbinkimbi futhi idinga ubuchwepheshe bomsebenzi wezempilo oqeqeshiwe. Kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngeyakho test imiphumela nodokotela wakho ukuze uqonde ukuthi zisho ukuthini nokuthi izinyathelo ezilandelayo kufanele zibe yini.

Okuhle Okungamanga kanye Nezimbi Zamanga

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokho ukuhlolwa komdlavuza we-pancreatic azihlale zinembe ngo-100%. Imiphumela emihle engamanga (izivivinyo okukhombisa umdlavuza uma ungekho) kanye nemiphumela engemihle engamanga (izivivinyo ehluleka ukubona umdlavuza uma ukhona) kungenzeka.

Ukubaluleka Kokulandelela

Uma eyakho ukuhlolwa komdlavuza we-pancreatic imiphumela ayijwayelekile, udokotela wakho cishe uzoncoma okwengeziwe izivivinyo ukuqinisekisa noma ukukhipha ukuxilongwa kwe umdlavuza we-pancreatic. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise izithombe ezengeziwe izivivinyo, ama-biopsies, noma ukubonisana nochwepheshe.

Ikusasa le Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wePancreatic

Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe okusha nokunembe kakhudlwana ukuhlolwa komdlavuza we-pancreatic. Lokhu kubandakanya:

• I-Liquid biopsies: Lezi izivivinyo hlaziya amasampula egazi amaseli e-tumor ajikelezayo noma izingcezu ze-DNA ezichithwa amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
• Izindlela ezithuthukisiwe zokuthwebula izithombe: Abacwaningi bakha amasu amasha okuthwebula angakwazi ukubona izimila ezincane futhi ahlukanise phakathi kwezilonda eziyingozi neziyingozi.
• Ukutholwa kwe-Biomarker: Ososayensi basebenzela ukuhlonza ama-biomarker amasha angasetshenziswa ukuthola umdlavuza we-pancreatic ekuqaleni.

Lolu lwazi luhloselwe ulwazi olujwayelekile kanye nezinjongo zolwazi kuphela, futhi aluhlanganisi iseluleko sezokwelapha. Kubalulekile ukubonisana nochwepheshe bezempilo abaqeqeshiwe nganoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka ngezempilo noma ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinqumo ezihlobene nempilo noma ukwelashwa kwakho.

1. I-American Cancer Society. (n.d.). Izimpawu Nezimpawu Zomdlavuza We-pancreatic. Kubuyiswe kusuka https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/pancreatic-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-and-symptoms.html