Kuvura Kanseri y'urwagashya: Ubuyobozi bwuzuye 

Kuvura kanseri yandura amahitamo biterwa na stade n'aho kanseri iherereye, ndetse n'ubuzima bw'umurwayi muri rusange. Ubuvuzi busanzwe burimo kubaga, chimiotherapie, kuvura imirasire, hamwe nubuvuzi bugamije. Akenshi, guhuza ubu buryo bikoreshwa kugirango tugere kubisubizo byiza bishoboka. Gusobanukirwa aya mahitamo ni ngombwa kugirango hafatwe ibyemezo.

Sobanukirwa na Kanseri y'urwagashya

Pancreas ni urugingo ruherereye inyuma yinda igira uruhare runini mugusya no kugenzura isukari mu maraso. Kanseri y'urwagashya bibaho iyo selile zo mumyanya myakura zidakuze, zibyimba. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwingenzi bwa kanseri y'urwagashya: adenocarcinoma (ubwoko bukunze kugaragara) hamwe n'ibibyimba bya neuroendocrine (PNETs).

Ibintu bishobora gutera kanseri yandura

Ibintu byinshi birashobora kongera ibyago byo gutera imbere kanseri y'urwagashya, harimo:

• Kunywa itabi
• Diyabete
• Umubyibuho ukabije
• Indwara ya pancreatite idakira
• Amateka yumuryango ya kanseri y'urwagashya
• Syndromes zimwe na zimwe

Ibimenyetso bya Kanseri y'urwagashya

Mubyiciro byambere, kanseri y'urwagashya akenshi nta bimenyetso bigaragara. Iyo kanseri ikura, ibimenyetso bishobora kubamo:

• Kubabara mu nda
• Jaundice (umuhondo w'uruhu n'amaso)
• Kugabanuka
• Kubura ubushake bwo kurya
• Isesemi no kuruka
• Guhindura ingeso zo munda
• Diyabete nshya

Gupima Kanseri y'urwagashya

Niba kanseri y'urwagashya arakekwa, umuganga azakora ikizamini cyumubiri kandi ategeke ibizamini bitandukanye, harimo:

• Kwipimisha amaraso: Kugenzura imikorere yumwijima nibimenyetso byibibyimba.
• Kwipimisha amashusho: Nka CT scan, scan ya MRI, na ultrasound ya endoskopi (EUS), kugirango ubone amashusho ya pancreas nuburyo bukikije.
• Biopsy: Kwemeza isuzuma no kumenya ubwoko bwa kanseri y'urwagashya.

Amahitamo yo kuvura kanseri ya pancreatic

Umuti wa kanseri y'urwagashya biterwa nibintu byinshi, harimo icyiciro cya kanseri, aho giherereye, nubuzima bwumurwayi muri rusange. Uburyo nyamukuru bwo kuvura bwasobanuwe hano hepfo. Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya Kanseri kizwi cyane cya Shandong Baofa gitanga ubuvuzi bwuzuye bwa kanseri; urashobora wige byinshi hano kubyerekeye uburyo bwabo.

Kubaga

Kubaga akenshi niwo murongo wambere wo kuvura kanseri y'urwagashya niba ikibyimba giherereye kandi kitakwirakwiriye mu zindi ngingo. Uburyo butandukanye bwo kubaga bushobora gukoreshwa bitewe n’aho ikibyimba giherereye:

• Uburyo bwa Whipple (pancreaticoduodenectomy): Ibi bikubiyemo gukuramo umutwe wa pancreas, igice cy amara mato, umuyonga, nigice cyumuyoboro.
• Indwara ya pancreatectomy ya kure: Ibi bikubiyemo gukuramo umurizo wa pancreas kandi birashobora no gushiramo ururenda.
• Pancreatectomy yuzuye: Ibi bikubiyemo gukuramo pancreas zose, impyiko, gallbladder, igice cyigifu, nigice cy amara mato. Ibi ntibisanzwe.

Niba ikibyimba gishobora gukurwaho neza bivana nigihe gihagaze. Iki nikintu gikomeye muguhitamo uburyo bwo kuvura. Ubuhanga bwo kubaga bushobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku musaruro, bigatuma ibigo nka Shandong Baofa Kanseri y’ubushakashatsi bwa kanseri byingenzi ku barwayi.

Chimoterapi

Chimoterapi ikoresha imiti yica kanseri. Irashobora gukoreshwa mbere yo kubagwa (neoadjuvant chimiotherapie), nyuma yo kubagwa (chimiotherapie adjuvant), cyangwa nkubuvuzi bwibanze bwo gutera imbere kanseri y'urwagashya. Imiti isanzwe ya chimiotherapie ikoreshwa mu kuvura kanseri y'urwagashya harimo:

• Gemcitabine
• FOLFIRINOX (ikomatanya rya fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, na oxaliplatine)
• Abraxane (paclitaxel ya poroteyine ihujwe)

Chimiotherapie irashobora gutera ingaruka, nko kugira isesemi, kuruka, umunaniro, no guta umusatsi. Izi ngaruka zishobora gukemurwa kenshi nubuvuzi no kubitaho.

Ubuvuzi

Imiti ivura imirasire ikoresha imirasire yingufu nyinshi kugirango yice kanseri. Irashobora gukoreshwa mbere yo kubagwa, nyuma yo kubagwa, cyangwa nkubuvuzi bwibanze bwa kanseri y'urwagashya. Ubwoko bwo kuvura imirasire harimo:

• Imiti ivura imirasire yo hanze (EBRT): Imirasire itangwa mumashini hanze yumubiri.
• Brachytherapy: Imbuto zikoresha radio zishyirwa mubibyimba cyangwa hafi yacyo.

Imiti ivura imirasire irashobora gutera ingaruka, nko kurakara kuruhu, umunaniro, no kugira isesemi.

Ubuvuzi bugamije

Ubuvuzi bugamije gukoresha imiti yibasira molekile zihariye zigira uruhare mu mikurire ya kanseri no kubaho. Ingero zubuvuzi bugenewe gukoreshwa mu kuvura kanseri y'urwagashya harimo:

• Erlotinib: Yibasiwe na epidermal growth factor reseptor (EGFR).
• Olaparib: Yibasiye enzyme ya PARP kubarwayi bafite ihinduka rya BRCA.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy ifasha sisitemu yumubiri kurwanya kanseri. Ntabwo isanzwe ikoreshwa nkumurongo wambere wo kuvura kanseri y'urwagashya ariko birashobora kuba amahitamo mubihe bimwe. Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) ni imiti ikingira indwara ishobora gukoreshwa kanseri y'urwagashya abarwayi bafite ihinduka ryimiterere yihariye.

Kwita ku barwayi

Ubuvuzi bwa Palliative bwibanda ku kugabanya ibimenyetso no kuzamura imibereho y’abarwayi bafite uburwayi bukomeye, nka kanseri y'urwagashya. Kuvura indwara birashobora kubamo gucunga ububabare, infashanyo zimirire, hamwe ninkunga yumutima.

Icyiciro cya Kanseri yandura nuburyo bwo kuvura

Kanseri y'urwagashya ikorwa kugirango hamenyekane urugero rwa kanseri no kuyobora ibyemezo byo kuvura. Ibyiciro biva ku cyiciro cya 0 (kanseri mu mwanya) kugeza ku cyiciro cya IV (kanseri metastatike). Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana muri make uburyo bwo kuvura kuri buri cyiciro:

Kubana na Kanseri y'urwagashya

Kubana kanseri y'urwagashya birashobora kuba ingorabahizi, ariko hariho ibikoresho bihari bifasha abarwayi nimiryango yabo guhangana. Amatsinda atera inkunga, ubujyanama, na gahunda yuburezi birashobora gutanga ubufasha bwingirakamaro. Kugumana ubuzima buzira umuze, harimo indyo yuzuye hamwe na siporo isanzwe, birashobora kandi kuzamura imibereho.

Uruhare rwibigeragezo byamavuriro

Igeragezwa rya Clinical ni ubushakashatsi bwubushakashatsi busuzuma ibishya kuvura kanseri yandura inzira. Kwitabira kwipimisha kwa muganga birashobora gutanga uburyo bwo kuvura bigezweho kandi bikagira uruhare mu iterambere rya kanseri. Abarwayi bashishikajwe no kugerageza amavuriro bagomba kuganira kubishoboka hamwe nitsinda ryabo ryita ku buzima.

Umwanzuro

Kuvura kanseri yandura biragoye kandi bisaba uburyo butandukanye. Gusobanukirwa uburyo bwo kuvura buhari, ibyiciro, hamwe nibikoresho byitaweho bishobora gufasha abarwayi gufata ibyemezo byuzuye no kunoza ibyo bagezeho. Buri gihe ujye ubaza abashinzwe ubuzima kugirango umenye inzira nziza yo kuvura kubibazo byawe. Hamwe nitsinda ryabiyeguriye mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya kanseri ya Shandong Baofa, abarwayi bizeye ko bazitabwaho n'impuhwe n'ubuhanga.

Inshingano: Iyi ngingo itanga amakuru rusange yerekeye kuvura kanseri yandura kandi ntigomba gufatwa nkinama zubuvuzi. Buri gihe ujye ubaza inzobere mu buvuzi zujuje ibyangombwa byo gusuzuma no kuvura.

Reba:

1. Ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe kanseri. Kuvura kanseri yandura (PDQ?) - Version y'abarwayi
2. Umuryango w'Abanyamerika. Ibyerekeye Kanseri Yigifu