Unyango lwePancreatic Cancer: Isikhokelo esiBanzi 

Unyango lomhlaza wePancreatic iinketho zixhomekeke kwinqanaba kunye nendawo yomhlaza, kunye nempilo yonke yesigulane. Unyango oluqhelekileyo lubandakanya utyando, ichemotherapy, unyango lweradiation, kunye nonyango ekujoliswe kulo. Amaxesha amaninzi, indibaniselwano yezi ndlela isetyenziselwa ukufikelela esona siphumo sifanelekileyo. Ukuqonda olu khetho kubalulekile xa kusenziwa izigqibo ezinolwazi.

Ukuqonda uMhlaza wePancreatic

I-pancreas lilungu elisemva kwesisu elidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekucoleni nasekulawuleni iswekile yegazi. Umhlaza wePancreatic kwenzeka xa iiseli kudakada zikhula ngokungalawulekiyo, zenza ithumba. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze umhlaza wepancreatic: i-adenocarcinoma (uhlobo oluqhelekileyo) kunye ne-neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs).

Imiba yoMngcipheko kuMhlaza wePancreatic

Ziliqela izinto ezinokonyusa umngcipheko wokukhula umhlaza wepancreatic, kuquka:

• Ukutshaya
• Isifo seswekile
• Ukutyeba ngokugqithisileyo
• I-pancreatitis engapheliyo
• Imbali yosapho lwe umhlaza wepancreatic
• Iimpawu ezithile zofuzo

Iimpawu zePancreatic Cancer

Kwinqanaba lokuqala, umhlaza wepancreatic ngokufuthi ayinazimpawu zibonakalayo. Njengoko umhlaza ukhula, iimpawu zinokubandakanya:

• Iintlungu zesisu
• I-Jaundice (isikhumba kunye namehlo aphuzi)
• Ukunciphisa umzimba
• Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla wokutya
• Isicaphucaphu kunye nokugabha
• Utshintsho kwimikhwa yamathumbu
• Isifo seswekile esitsha

Ukuxilongwa kwePancreatic Cancer

Ukuba umhlaza wepancreatic kurhanelwa, ugqirha uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye aodole iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Ukujonga ukusebenza kwesibindi kunye neempawu zethumba.
• Iimvavanyo zokucinga: ezifana ne-CT scans, i-MRI scans, kunye ne-endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), ukujonga i-pancreas kunye nezakhiwo ezijikelezayo.
• I-Biopsy: Ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kunye nokuchonga uhlobo lwe umhlaza wepancreatic.

Iinketho zoNyango lwePancreatic Cancer

Unyango lwe umhlaza wepancreatic kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanywa inqanaba lomhlaza, indawo yawo, kunye nempilo yonke yesigulana. Iinketho eziphambili zonyango zichazwe ngezantsi. Iziko loPhando loMhlaza laseShandong Baofa libonelela ngokhathalelo olubanzi lomhlaza; unako funda ngakumbi apha malunga nendlela yabo.

Utyando

Utyando ludla ngokuba lolona nyango lodidi lokuqala umhlaza wepancreatic ukuba i-tumor isendaweni kwaye ayizange isasazeke kwezinye izitho. Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zotyando zinokusetyenziswa ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo yethumba:

• Inkqubo ye-Whipple (pancreaticoduodenectomy): Oku kubandakanya ukususa intloko ye-pancreas, inxalenye yamathumbu amancinci, i-gallbladder, kunye nenxalenye yombhobho wenyongo.
• I-Distal pancreatectomy: Oku kubandakanya ukususa umsila we-pancreas kwaye kunokubandakanya i-spleen.
• I-pancreatectomy iyonke: Oku kubandakanya ukususa i-pancreas iphela, udakada, inyongo, inxalenye yesisu, kunye nenxalenye yamathumbu amancinci. Oku akuqhelekanga.

Ingaba i-tumor inokususwa ngempumelelo kuxhomekeke kwindawo yayo kunye nesigaba. Lo ngumba obalulekileyo ekumiseleni iindlela zonyango. Ubuchwephesha botyando bunokuba nefuthe elibonakalayo kwiziphumo, ukwenza amaziko afana neShandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute abe zizixhobo eziphambili kwizigulane.

Unyango ngamachiza

I-Chemotherapy isebenzisa amayeza ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Isenokusetyenziswa phambi kotyando (neoadjuvant chemotherapy), emva kotyando (i-adjuvant chemotherapy), okanye njengonyango oluphambili kunyango oluphambili. umhlaza wepancreatic. Amachiza aqhelekileyo e-chemotherapy asetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza wepancreatic ziquka:

• Gemcitabine
• IFOLFIRINOX (indibaniselwano ye-fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, kunye ne-oxaliplatin)
• I-Abraxane (i-paclitaxel-bound-bound particles)

Unyango ngamachiza lunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ezifana nesicaphucaphu, ukugabha, ukudinwa, nokuqothuka kweenwele. Ezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga zihlala zilawulwa ngamayeza kunye nokhathalelo oluxhasayo.

Unyango ngemitha

Unyango ngemitha isebenzisa imitha ephezulu yamandla ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Ingasetyenziswa phambi kotyando, emva kotyando, okanye njengonyango lokuqala umhlaza wepancreatic. Iindidi zonyango lwemitha ziquka:

• Unyango lwemitha yangaphandle (EBRT): Imitha ihanjiswa kumatshini ongaphandle komzimba.
• Brachytherapy: Imbewu ye-radioactive ifakwa ngqo okanye kufuphi nethumba.

Unyango ngemitha lunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ezinjengokurhawuzelela ulusu, ukudinwa, nesicaphucaphu.

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo

Unyango olujoliswe kuyo lusebenzisa iziyobisi ezijolise kwiimolekyuli ezithile ezibandakanyekayo ekukhuleni kweeseli zomhlaza kunye nokuphila. Imizekelo yonyango ekujoliswe kuyo esetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza wepancreatic ziquka:

• I-Erlotinib: Ijolise kwi-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).
• I-Olaparib: Ijolise kwi-enzyme ye-PARP kwizigulane ezinokuguqulwa kwe-BRCA.

Immunotherapy

I-Immunotherapy inceda amajoni akho omzimba ukulwa nomhlaza. Ayiqhelekanga ukusetyenziswa njengonyango lodidi lokuqala umhlaza wepancreatic kodwa inokuba lukhetho kwiimeko ezithile. I-Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) lichiza le-immunotherapy elinokuthi lisetyenziswe umhlaza wepancreatic izigulane ezineenguqu ezithile zofuzo.

Ukhathalelo lwePalliative

Ukhathalelo lwePalliative lujolise ekupheliseni iimpawu kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi kwizigulane ezinezifo ezinzulu, ezifana umhlaza wepancreatic. Ukhathalelo lwePalliative lungabandakanya ulawulo lweentlungu, inkxaso yesondlo, kunye nenkxaso yeemvakalelo.

Amanqanaba oMhlaza wePancreatic kunye neendlela zoNyango

Umhlaza wePancreatic imiselwe ukumisela ubungakanani bomhlaza kunye nezigqibo zonyango ezikhokelayo. Amanqanaba asusela kwisigaba 0 (umhlaza kwindawo) ukuya kwisigaba IV (umhlaza wemetastatic). Le theyibhile ilandelayo ishwankathela iindlela zonyango kwinqanaba ngalinye:

Ukuphila noMhlaza wePancreatic

Ukuhlala kunye umhlaza wepancreatic kunokuba lucelomngeni, kodwa kukho izibonelelo ezikhoyo zokunceda izigulane kunye neentsapho zazo zihlangabezane nazo. Amaqela enkxaso, iingcebiso, neenkqubo zemfundo zinokunika uncedo oluxabisekileyo. Ukugcina impilo esempilweni, kuquka ukutya okunesondlo nokuzilolonga rhoqo, nako kunokuphucula umgangatho wobomi.

Indima yovavanyo lwezonyango

Ulingo lwezonyango luphononongo lophando oluvavanya amatsha unyango umhlaza pancreatic iindlela. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kulingo lwezonyango kunokunika ufikelelo kunyango oluphambili kwaye lube negalelo kwinkqubela phambili yokhathalelo lomhlaza. Izigulana ezinomdla kulingo lwezonyango kufuneka zixoxe ngokunokwenzeka kunye neqela labo lokhathalelo lwempilo.

Ukuqukumbela

Unyango lomhlaza wePancreatic intsonkothile kwaye ifuna indlela yokufundisa ngeendlela ezininzi. Ukuqonda iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo, izigaba, kunye nezibonelelo zokunakekelwa kwenkxaso kunokuxhobisa izigulane ukuba zenze izigqibo ezinolwazi kunye nokuphucula iziphumo zabo. Soloko udibana nomboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuze abone eyona ndlela yonyango ilungileyo kwimeko yakho ethile. Ngeqela elizinikeleyo kwi-Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute, izigulana ziqinisekile ukuba zinyanyekelwa ngovelwano nobuchule.

Ukuziphendulela: Eli nqaku libonelela ngolwazi ngokubanzi malunga unyango umhlaza pancreatic kwaye akufanele ithathwe njengengcebiso yezonyango. Soloko ubonisana nengcali yezempilo eqeqeshiweyo yokuxilongwa kunye nengcebiso zonyango.

IiReferensi:

1. Iziko lomhlaza leSizwe. Unyango lwePancreatic Cancer (PDQ?)–Uguqulelo lwesigulana
2. Umbutho womhlaza waseMelika. Malunga noMhlaza wePancreatic