Kanseri y'urwagashya: Gusobanukirwa, Gusuzuma, no kuvura 

Kanseri y'urwagashya ni indwara ingirabuzimafatizo ziba mu ngingo za pancreas, urugingo ruherereye inyuma yinda igira uruhare runini mu igogora no kugenzura isukari mu maraso. Ibimenyetso akenshi ntibisobanutse kandi birashobora kubamo kubabara munda, jaundice, no kugabanya ibiro. Kumenya hakiri kare no kuvura nibyingenzi mugutezimbere ibisubizo.

Gusobanukirwa Pancreas na Kanseri y'urwagashya

Pancreas ni iki?

Pancreas ni urugingo rwa gland ruherereye munda. Ifite inshingano ebyiri zingenzi:

• Imikorere ya Exocrine: Ikora enzymes zifasha gusya ibiryo.
• Imikorere ya Endocrine: Ikora imisemburo nka insuline na glucagon igenga isukari mu maraso.

Kubera aho biherereye munda, kanseri y'urwagashya birashobora kugorana kubimenya mubyiciro byayo byambere.

Ubwoko bwa Kanseri y'urwagashya

Abenshi muri kanseri y'urwagashya ni ibibyimba bya exocrine, cyane cyane adenocarcinoma. Ibyo bibyimba biva mu ngirabuzimafatizo zihuza imiyoboro ya pancreatic.

• Adenocarcinoma: Ubwoko busanzwe, bingana na 95% byimanza.
• Ibibyimba bya Neuroendocrine (NET): Ntibisanzwe, bituruka ku ngirabuzimafatizo zitanga imisemburo. Ibi bikunda gukura buhoro kuruta adenocarcinoma.

Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya kanseri ya Shandong Baofa kabuhariwe mu bushakashatsi n’ingamba zo kuvura kanseri zitandukanye, harimo kanseri y'urwagashya. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko bwa kanseri nibyingenzi mugutegura imiti yihariye. Sura Shandong Baofa Ikigo Cyubushakashatsi cya Kanseri kubindi bisobanuro.

Ibintu bishobora guteza ingaruka Kanseri y'urwagashya

Ibintu byinshi birashobora kongera ibyago byo gutera imbere kanseri y'urwagashya:

• Kunywa itabi: Impamvu nyamukuru.
• Diyabete: Indwara ya diyabete imaze igihe yongera ibyago.
• Umubyibuho ukabije: Kugira umubyibuho ukabije cyangwa umubyibuho ukabije bifitanye isano no kongera ibyago.
• Amateka yumuryango: Kugira amateka yumuryango wa kanseri y'urwagashya byongera ibyago.
• Indwara ya pancreatite idakira: Umuriro muremure wa pancreas.
• Imyaka: Ibyago byiyongera uko imyaka igenda ishira, bikunze kugaragara kubantu bakuze.
• Indwara zimwe na zimwe: Nka mutation ya BRCA1 / 2, syndrome ya Lynch, na syndrome ya Peutz-Jeghers.

Ibimenyetso bya Kanseri y'urwagashya

Intangiriro kanseri y'urwagashya akenshi nta bimenyetso bifite. Iyo kanseri ikura, ibimenyetso bishobora kubamo:

• Kubabara mu nda: Akenshi ububabare butagaragara mu nda yo hejuru bushobora kumurika inyuma.
• Jaundice: Guhindura uruhu n'amaso, akenshi biherekejwe n'inkari zijimye hamwe n'intebe zijimye.
• Gutakaza ibiro: Kugabanuka kudasobanutse.
• Kubura ubushake bwo kurya: Kumva wuzuye vuba cyangwa kutumva ushonje.
• Isesemi no Kuruka:
• Diyabete: Indwara ya diyabete nshya cyangwa ingorane zo kurwanya diyabete iriho.
• Impinduka mu ngeso zo munda: Harimo impiswi cyangwa impatwe.

Ni ngombwa kugisha inama muganga niba uhuye na kimwe muri ibyo bimenyetso, cyane cyane niba ufite impamvu zishobora gutera kanseri y'urwagashya.

Gusuzuma Kanseri y'urwagashya

Gusuzuma kanseri y'urwagashya mubisanzwe birimo guhuza ibizamini byerekana amashusho na biopsies:

• Ibizamini byo Kwerekana:
  • CT Gusikana: Itanga amashusho arambuye ya pancreas ningingo zikikije.
  • MRI: Koresha imirima ya magneti kugirango ukore amashusho ya pancreas.
  • Ultrasound ya Endoskopi (EUS): Koresha endoscope hamwe na ultrasound probe kugirango ubone amashusho ya pancreas.
  • PET Scan: Irashobora gufasha kumenya niba kanseri yarakwirakwiriye mu bindi bice byumubiri.
• Biopsy: Urugero rwa tissue ruvanwa muri pancreas hanyuma rusuzumwa munsi ya microscope kugirango hemezwe ko kanseri ya kanseri ihari. Ibi birashobora gukorwa mugihe cya EUS cyangwa binyuze muri urushinge biopsy ruyobowe no gufata amashusho.
• Kwipimisha Amaraso: Irashobora gupima urwego rwa poroteyine cyangwa enzymes zimwe zishobora kuzamurwa muri kanseri y'urwagashya.

Icyiciro cya Kanseri y'urwagashya

Gutegura bifasha kumenya urugero rwa kanseri kandi ikayobora ibyemezo byo kuvura. Sisitemu yo kubika isanzwe ikoreshwa ni sisitemu ya TNM (Tumor, Node, Metastasis):

• T (Tumor): Sobanura ingano nubunini bwikibyimba cyibanze.
• N (Node): Yerekana niba kanseri yarakwirakwiriye hafi ya lymph node.
• M (Metastasis): Yerekana niba kanseri yarakwirakwiriye mu ngingo za kure.

Amahitamo yo kuvura Kanseri y'urwagashya

Umuti wa kanseri y'urwagashya biterwa nicyiciro cya kanseri, ubuzima bwumurwayi muri rusange, nibindi bintu. Amahitamo arashobora gushiramo:

Kubaga

Kubaga nubuvuzi bwiza cyane bwo kuvura kanseri y'urwagashya (kanseri ishobora kuvaho burundu). Ubwoko bwo kubaga burimo:

• Uburyo bwo gukubita ibiboko (Pancreaticoduodenectomy): Gukuraho umutwe wa pancreas, igice cy amara mato, umuhondo, nigice cyigifu.
• Indwara ya pancreatectomy: Gukuraho umurizo wa pancreas.
• Pancreatectomy yose: Gukuraho pancreas yose (gake ikorwa).

Chimoterapi

Chimoterapi ikoresha imiti yica kanseri. Irashobora gukoreshwa mbere yo kubagwa (neoadjuvant therapy), nyuma yo kubagwa (therapy adjuvant), cyangwa nkubuvuzi nyamukuru bwo gutera imbere kanseri y'urwagashya. Imiti isanzwe ya chimiotherapie irimo:

• Gemcitabine
• FOLFIRINOX (guhuza aside folinike, fluorouracil, irinotecan, na oxaliplatine)
• Abraxane (paclitaxel albumin-iboshye)

Ubuvuzi

Imiti ivura imirasire ikoresha imirasire yingufu nyinshi kugirango yice kanseri. Irashobora gukoreshwa hamwe na chimiotherapie, cyane cyane murwego rwo hejuru kanseri y'urwagashya ibyo ntibishobora gukurwaho kubagwa.

Ubuvuzi bugamije

Imiti igamije kuvura yibasira molekile zihariye zigira uruhare mu mikurire ya kanseri no kubaho. Kurugero, olaparib irashobora gukoreshwa mubarwayi bafite ihinduka rya BRCA.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy ikoresha sisitemu yumubiri yumubiri kugirango irwanye kanseri. Mugihe bitarakoreshwa cyane kanseri y'urwagashya, irimo gukorwaho iperereza mu manza z’amavuriro.

Ibigeragezo bya Clinical

Igeragezwa rya Clinical ni ubushakashatsi bwakozwe muburyo bushya bwo kuvura kanseri. Abarwayi hamwe kanseri y'urwagashya Urashobora gutekereza kwitabira ikizamini cyamavuriro kugirango ubone uburyo bushya bwo kuvura.

Kwita ku barwayi

Ubuvuzi bwa Palliative bwibanda ku kugabanya ibimenyetso no kuzamura imibereho y’abarwayi bafite iterambere kanseri y'urwagashya. Irashobora kubamo gucunga ububabare, inkunga yimirire, hamwe ninkunga yamarangamutima.

Ibiciro byo Kurokoka kuri Kanseri y'urwagashya

Igipimo cyo kurokoka kuri kanseri y'urwagashya zitandukanye bitewe nicyiciro cya kanseri nibindi bintu. Kumenya hakiri kare no kuvura birashobora kunoza cyane ibisubizo. Nk’uko Umuryango w'Abanyamerika urwanya kanseri ubivuga, imyaka 5 ugereranije yo kubaho mu byiciro byose bya kanseri y'urwagashya ni hafi 12%. Nyamara, kuri kanseri yagaragaye hakiri kare (localised), imyaka 5 yo kubaho ni 44%. [Inkomoko: Sosiyete y'Abanyamerika ya Kanseri]

Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana igipimo cyimyaka 5 yo kubaho kurwego:

Iyi mibare ni igereranyo kandi ibisubizo byihariye birashobora gutandukana.

Kubana Kanseri y'urwagashya

Kubana kanseri y'urwagashya birashobora kuba ingorabahizi, haba kumubiri no mumarangamutima. Amatsinda atera inkunga, ubujyanama, nibindi bikoresho birashobora gufasha abarwayi nimiryango yabo guhangana niyi ndwara.